不同心皮数量棉花心皮发育特征、基因表达及相关性状比较  

Carpel development characteristics and comparison of gene expression and related traits among cotton with different numbers of carpels

作　　者：王为然[1] 杨静[1] 王萌 周子馨 朱家辉[1] 孔杰[1] Wang Weiran;Yang Jing;Wang Meng;Zhou Zixin;Zhu Jiahui;Kong Jie(Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《棉花学报》2024年第5期373-384,共12页Cotton Science

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区青年科学基金(2020D01B35);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干培养(xjnkq-2023002);国家棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-09);新疆维吾尔自治区棉花产业技术体系副首席科学家;新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才计划(2023)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究棉花心皮发育特征,不同心皮数量的差异表达基因与植物激素含量,以及心皮数量与棉铃发育的关系。【方法】以3心皮(C3)、4心皮(C4)、5心皮(C5)棉花材料为研究对象,观察棉花心皮发育过程,统计不同杂交组配后代的心皮数量。花芽发育5 d、10 d和开花当天分别进行转录组测序及激素含量测定,并在不同发育时期测定棉铃的表型。【结果】花蕾长度为2~3 mm时,心皮原基发育起始;花蕾长度为4~5 mm时,心皮融合形成合生心皮。心皮原基的发育早于雌蕊器官。C3、C4、C5两两杂交F1的平均心皮数量介于双亲之间。C3、C4和C5中差异表达基因主要富集于生物学过程。花芽发育5 d、10 d和开花当天,富集通路中心皮发育相关基因AP1、AGL6、WUS、MYB21和ARF6在C5中的表达量高于C4,且显著高于C3。花芽发育5 d、10 d,C5的茉莉酸含量显著高于C3、C4,吲哚乙酸含量显著低于C3、C4;C4的脱落酸含量显著低于C3、C5。开花后20 d、35 d和60 d,C5的棉铃直径、棉铃鲜物质质量、棉瓣厚度以及纤维和胚珠鲜物质质量显著高于C3、C4。【结论】3、4、5心皮棉花亲本的杂交组配后代中,心皮数量介于双亲之间。多个心皮发育相关基因在C5中的表达量更高。开花前,C5中茉莉酸含量最高,吲哚乙酸含量最低。心皮数量增多利于增加棉铃直径、鲜物质质量,同时增加纤维和胚珠鲜物质质量。[Objective]This study aims to investigate the development characteristics of cotton carpel,the differentially expressed genes and plant hormone content among different carpel numbers,and the relationship between carpel number and cotton boll development.[Methods]Cotton plants with three carpels(C3),four carpels(C4),and five carpels(C5)were used as the research subjects.The development process of cotton carpel was observed,and the number of carpel in the offspring of different combinations was counted.Transcriptome sequencing and plant hormone content measurement of the carpels were performed at 5 days and 10 days after flower bud development,and on the day of flowering.Phenotype of cotton boll was measured at different developmental stages.[Results]When the flower bud length was 2-3 mm,the development of carpel primordia started;and when the flower bud developed to 4-5 mm,the carpel fused to form fully fused carpel.The development of carpel primordia preceded of pistil organ.The average number of carpel in F1 from different crosses between C3,C4,and C5 parents was between the two parents.The differentially expressed genes of C3,C4,and C5 are mainly enriched in biological processes.During floral bud development at 5 days and 10 days,and on the day of flowering,the expression levels of key genes related to carpel development in the enrichment pathway,including AP1,AGL6,WUS,MYB21,and ARF6,in C5 were higher than that in C4,and significantly higher than that in C3.At 5 days and 10 days of floral bud development,jasmonic acid(JA)content in C5 was significantly higher than that in C3 and C4,while indole acetic acid(IAA)content was significantly lower than that in C3 and C4;abscisic acid content in C4 was significantly lower than that in C3 and C5.At 20 days,35 days,and 60 days after flowering,the cotton boll diameter,fresh weight of cotton boll,thickness of cotton boll petals,and fresh weight of fiber and ovule in C5 were significantly higher than that in C3 and C4.[Conclusion]The average number of carpel in the offspri

关 键 词：棉花 心皮数量 花芽发育 差异表达基因 激素含量 棉铃 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]