两种覆盖方式下灌水定额对土壤温度变化、棉花产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of irrigation quota on each application on soil temperature changes, cotton yield, and water use efficiency under two mulching patterns

作　　者：吴奇峰[1] 忠智博 Wu Qifeng;Zhong Zhibo(Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil-Fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science/Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water and Fertilizer,The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所/农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室/水肥资源高效利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《棉花学报》2024年第5期385-395,共11页Cotton Science

基　　金：新疆农垦科学院院级科研项目(2023YJ006)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同覆盖方式和灌水定额对棉花生产的影响。【方法】于2017―2019年在新疆阿拉尔市开展大田试验,其中,2017―2018年膜下滴灌试验以新陆中46号为供试材料,设置24 mm(M1)、30 mm(M2)和36 mm(M3)3个灌水定额;2018―2019年无膜滴灌试验以中棉619为供试材料,设置36 mm(W1)、45 mm(W2)和54 mm(W3)3个灌水定额;分析不同处理对10 cm、20 cm、40 cm土层土壤温度和土壤含水量、籽棉产量以及灌溉水利用效率的影响。【结果】2种模式下棉田10 cm、20 cm和40 cm土层土壤含水量和籽棉产量均随灌水定额的增大呈增加趋势。M2、M3处理的籽棉产量分别较M1处理显著增加8.82%~11.47%和14.24%~18.96%;W2、W3处理的籽棉产量分别较W1处理显著增加15.18%~22.61%和32.53%~46.29%。土壤温度和灌溉水利用效率均随灌水定额的增大呈降低趋势。M2、M3处理的灌溉水利用效率分别较M1处理显著降低10.82%~12.94%和20.70%~23.84%;W2、W3处理的灌溉水利用效率分别较W1处理降低1.91%~7.85%和2.47%~11.65%。2018年灌水定额相同时,M3处理的土壤含水量、0~40 cm土层土壤温度、籽棉产量和灌溉水利用效率均高于W1处理。基于逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, TOPSIS)的综合评价表明,膜下滴灌处理配套30 mm灌水定额,无膜滴灌处理配套54 mm灌水定额可取得较好的效果。【结论】提高灌水定额可以在一定程度上弥补无膜种植模式引起的籽棉产量降低,但会降低灌溉水利用效率。研究结果可为无膜滴灌植棉技术在当地的推广提供参考。[Objective]This study aims to explore the impact of diverse mulching techniques and irrigation quota on each application on cotton production.[Methods]Field experiments were conducted in Aral City,Xinjiang from 2017 to 2019.For the experiments under drip irrigation with plastic-film mulching in 2017 and 2018,Xinluzhong 46 was used as the test material,and three irrigation quotas on each application of 24 mm(M1),30 mm(M2),and 36 mm(M3)were set.For the experiments under drip irrigation without plastic-film mulching in 2018 and 2019,Zhongmian 619 was used as the test material,and three irrigation quotas on each application of 36 mm(W1),45 mm(W2),and 54 mm(W3)were set.The effects of different treatments on the soil temperature and water content in 10 cm,20 cm and 40 cm soil layers,seed cotton yield,and irrigation water use efficiency were analyzed.[Results]The soil water content in 10 cm,20 cm,and 40 cm soil layers of cotton fields,and seed cotton yield under the two mulching modes showed an increasing trend with the increase of irrigation quota on each application.Notably,the seed cotton yield of M2 and M3 treatments were significantly increased by 8.82%-11.47%and 14.24%-18.96%compared with M1 treatment,respectively.The seed cotton yield of W2 and W3 treatments were increased significantly by 15.18%-22.61%and 32.53%-46.29%,respectively,in comparison to W1 treatment.Both soil temperature and irrigation water use efficiency showed a declining trend with the increasing of irrigation quota on each application.The irrigation water use efficiency of M2 and M3 treatments were significantly declined by 10.82%-12.94%and 20.70%-23.84%,respectively,in comparison to M1 treatment.The irrigation water utilization efficiency of W2 and W3 treatments also showed a reduction,ranging from 1.91%-7.85%and 2.47%-11.65%,respectively,in comparison to W1 treatment.When the irrigation quota on each application were the same in 2018,the soil water content,soil temperature in 0-40 cm soil layer,seed cotton yield,and irrigation water use effici

关 键 词：新疆 棉花 膜下滴灌 无膜滴灌 灌水定额 TOPSIS 籽棉产量 灌溉水利用效率 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S274