橡胶树主要病害研究现状与展望  

Current status and prospects of research on main diseases of rubber trees

作　　者：李博勋[1,2] 刘先宝 陈丽琼[3] 时涛 许力丹[3] 李超萍 黄贵修[1] LI BoXun;LIU XianBao;CHEN LiQiong;SHI Tao;XU LiDan;LI ChaoPing;HUANG GuiXiu(Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests,Haikou 571101,China;College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Institute of Scientific and Technical Information,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海口571101 [2]云南农业大学植物保护学院,昆明650201 [3]中国热带农业科学院科技信息研究所,海口571101

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第10期1798-1813,共16页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金(批准号:324QN333);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(批准号:1630042024021)资助。

摘　　要：橡胶树是我国重要的热带经济作物,其产物天然橡胶在国防安全、经济建设和人民生活等方面具有重要意义.病害的发生与流行一直是制约天然橡胶产业健康、持续发展的重要生物限制因素.本文总结了近年来国内外在橡胶树叶部、茎杆和根部主要病害的研究现状,深入阐述了病害的发生与流行规律、检测监测与预警、致病机理与抗病机制,以及现有防控技术、产品、模式的成熟度与应用现状等内容.同时,本文还分析了当前面临的橡胶树病害监测和防控技术落后、投入劳动成本高、优良抗病种质资源利用不足、智能化程度低等技术难题.提出了加强橡胶树病害基础数据库建设,深入开展致害机制系统研究,创新研发智能化监测与控制技术体系,建设橡胶树主要病害统防统治与社会化服务技术平台等研究展望.通过对橡胶树主要病害研究工作的总结、分析与展望,为今后橡胶树主要病害的宏观把控和精准防控提供理论依据,将有助于实现天然橡胶产业绿色、健康、可持续发展.Rubber tree is an important tropical economic crop in China,and natural rubber is of great significance in national defense security,economic construction,and people’s lives.The occurrence and prevalence of diseases have always been important biological limiting factors that restrict the sustainable development of the natural rubber industry.This article summarizes the research status of the main diseases that infect rubber tree leaves,stems,and roots in the past decade.It elaborates on the occurrence and prevalence patterns of diseases,monitoring and early warning technologies,pathogenic and disease resistance mechanisms,as well as the current status of disease control technologies and applications.It also discusses challenges including outdated monitoring and prevention technologies,high labor costs,insufficient utilization of disease resistant germplasms,and low levels of intelligence.Suggestions have been made for the construction of basic database for rubber tree diseases,in-depth research on the mechanism underlying the rubber tree diseases,and building a platform for the unified monitoring,prevention,and control of rubber tree diseases.It provides a theoretical and practical basis for the macro-control and precise prevention of the main diseases of rubber trees,which will help achieve healthy,green,and sustainable development of the natural rubber industry.

关 键 词：橡胶树 主要病害 研究现状 展望 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]