木薯育种现状及发展趋势  

Current status and development trend of cassava breeding

作　　者：陈松笔[1,2] 蔡杰 安飞飞 朱文丽[1] 罗秀芹 薛晶晶[1,2] 薛茂富[1] 李汉丰 韦卓文[1] 黄三文 李开绵[1,2] CHEN SongBi;CAI Jie;AN FeiFei;ZHU WenLi;LUO XiuQin;XUE JingJing;XUE MaoFu;LI HanFeng;WEI ZhuoWen;HUANG SanWen;LI KaiMian(National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding,Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava,Haikou 571101,China;Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 572000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,三亚572000

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第10期1833-1842,共10页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2023YFD1200201);中央级科研事业单位基本科研业务费专项(批准号:1630032022007);国家自然科学基金(批准号:31871687)资助。

摘　　要：木薯原产热带美洲,是世界热区重要的粮食作物,也是世界近十亿人的食粮.然而木薯基因组高度杂合、后代分离严重,定向选育难度大、育种周期长,这些因素严重制约着木薯产业的发展.因此,缩短育种周期、定向选育出木薯优良品种是当今育种工作的重点.近年来,随着测序技术的发展以及多组学、基因编辑、遗传转化等核心技术在育种中的应用,木薯育种工作取得了重大突破.本文综述了木薯育种的最新进展,包括木薯种质资源重要农艺性状评价已从传统表型评价发展到表型与基因型的精准评价、木薯参考基因组的组装与注释及关键性状基因资源的发掘、木薯现代育种策略的发展等.此外,本文还讨论了今后木薯育种的研究方向,这将对推动木薯产业发展、服务国家“一带一路”倡议,以及解决世界热区粮食安全和饲料有效供给具有重要意义.Cassava,which originates from tropical America,serves as a staple food for nearly one billion people globally.However,the cassava genome is highly heterozygous,which leads to significant offspring segregation,difficulties in targeted breeding,and an extended breeding cycle.These factors in turn seriously restrict the development of cassava industry.Therefore,it is urgent to shorten the breeding cycle and create excellent accessions for cassava breeders.In recent years,with the development of sequencing technology and the applications of multi-omics,gene editing,and genetic transformation,huge breakthroughs have been made in cassava breeding.From the global perspective,we discussed the recent progresses in cassava breeding,including the changes in the evaluation of important agronomic traits in cassava germplasm resources from traditional phenotypic evaluation to accurate evaluation of phenotype and genotype,the assembly&annotation of cassava reference genomes and the discovery of elite genes with key traits,and the development trend of cassava breeding from traditional to modern breeding.We also discussed the future directions for cassava breeding,which is of great significance for promoting the cassava industry,serving the National“Belt and Road”initiative,and resolving the issues of food security and effective supply of feed in tropical regions worldwide.

关 键 词：木薯育种 种质资源 采后生理腐烂 花叶病 褐条病 基因编辑 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]