转基因番木瓜生物育种现状与展望  

Transgenic papaya breeding:current status and perspectives

作　　者：贾瑞宗[1,2] ZHU Yun Judy 刘标 郭安平 JIA RuiZong;ZHU Yun Judy;LIU Biao;GUO AnPing(National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding,Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences,Haikou 571101,China;Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions,Sanya Research Institution,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences,Sanya 572011,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of People’s Republic of China,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院/海南省南繁生物安全与分子育种重点实验室,三亚572011 [3]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第10期1863-1873,共11页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：海南省重点研发项目(批准号:ZDYF2022XDNY257,ZDYF2024XDNY179);崖州湾科技城菁英人才项目(批准号:SCKJ-JYRC-2022-67,SCKJ-JYRC-2023-66,SCKJ-JYRC-2023-77)资助。

摘　　要：转基因番木瓜于1998年被允许商业化生产,是世界上第一例被允许商业化生产的热带水果,目前已在多个国家广泛种植.当前所有的转基因番木瓜主要是基于致病菌衍生抗性原理,通过RNA沉默途径,使入侵的病毒不能够复制从而导致病毒的群体下降.本文回顾了转基因番木瓜的研究进展,并对转基因番木瓜抗病毒策略、遗传转化体系、功能基因挖掘、生物育种技术研发和转基因番木瓜生物安全评价进行了讨论.本篇综述还重点分析了番木瓜生物安全的其他相关问题,如异壳体化病毒、重组、合成、基因飘逸、对非靶标生物的影响、食品安全以及各种可能的致敏性等.通过对这些问题的综述与探讨,为开展我国具有自主知识产权的热带水果的生物技术育种提供理论支持.Transgenic papaya is commercialized in 1998,which is the first commercialized tropical fruit in the world.At present,all transgenic papaya is generated based on the principle of Pathogen Derived Resistance(PDR),i.e.,the antiviral RNA silencing pathway is initiated by constitutive expression of a portion of the gene that encodes virus coat protein,which prevents the invading virus from replicating and leads to a decline in the virus population.We reviewed the research progress of genetically modified papaya,and discussed the antiviral strategies,genetic transformation system,functional gene mining,research and development of papaya biological breeding technology,and biosafety evaluation of genetically modified papaya.This article also focuses on biosafety issues,such as heterozygous viruses,recombination,synthesis,gene drifting,impact on non-target organisms,food safety,and various allergenic issues,which will provide theoretical support for tropical fruit breeding.

关 键 词：转基因 番木瓜 生物育种 抗病毒 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]