沉香种质资源、品质评价与形成机制研究进展  

Advancements in agarwood germplasm resources, quality evaluation,and formation mechanism

作　　者：王昊[1] 丁旭坡 曾军[1] 朱家红[1] 董文化[1] 陈惠琴[1] 黄圣卓[1] 李薇[1] 梅文莉[1] 戴好富[1] WANG Hao;DING XuPo;ZENG Jun;ZHU JiaHong;DONG WenHua;CHEN HuiQin;HUANG ShengZhuo;LI Wei;MEI WenLi;DAI HaoFu(Hainan Engineering Research Center of Agarwood,Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development of Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province,International Joint Research Center of Agarwood,Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,海南省沉香工程技术研究中心,海南省黎药资源天然产物研究与利用重点实验室,沉香国际联合研究中心,海口571101

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第10期1885-1906,共22页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：海南省重大科技计划项目(批准号:ZDKJ2021031);国家自然科学基金(批准号:32171824,32171747);海南省自然科学基金(批准号:323CXTD388)资助。

摘　　要：沉香是瑞香科(Thymelaeaceae)沉香属(Aquilaria)或拟沉香属(Gyrinops)植物在受到自然或人为伤害后产生的含有树脂的木材.作为名贵的香料和传统药材,沉香有抗炎、镇静安神等多种药理活性,其主要化学成分为倍半萜类和2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物.白木香是我国特有的沉香基原植物,随着白木香种植和人工结香技术的大力发展,人工沉香逐渐取代野生沉香成为国内主要的沉香原材料来源.近年来,“结香早、易结香、品质好”的白木香新品种的选育及应用,使沉香产业发展中“品种单一、人工结香品质差异大、效益周期长”等制约因素得到极大的改善.2020年,白木香染色体水平基因组精细图谱的发布为白木香结香机制、活性成分合成基因挖掘等研究奠定了基础.本文对沉香基原植物种类,种质资源鉴定、评价及新品种选育,结香机理和人工结香技术,以及活性成分的生物合成与调控机制的研究进展进行了总结,并对今后研究趋势进行了展望,以期为深入开展沉香研究、保障产业的可持续发展提供理论参考与技术支撑.Agarwood is a resin-containing wood produced by plants of the genus Aquilaria or Gyrinops in the family Thymelaeaceae after beinginjured naturally or artificially. This unique wood is highly valued as a spice and traditional material and possesses variouspharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, sedative, and tranquilizing activities. The main chemical components ofagarwood are sesquiterpenes and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones. Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng. is cultivated in China specificallyfor agarwood production. Over time, artificial agarwood production has largely replaced wild agarwood due to improvements incultivation and incense technologies. Breeding and application of new agarwood varieties with the advantages of early production,easy induction, and superior quality have addressed the challenges faced by the agarwood industry, such as limited variety, qualitydifferences in artificial agarwood, and lengthy benefit cycles. The detailed chromosome-level genome map of A. sinensis published in2020 has laid a solid foundation for studying the mechanism by which agarwood is produced, identifying genes involved in thebiosynthesis of the bioactive chemical components. This article provides an overview of the progress, to date, in agarwood research,including studies on original plant species, collection and evaluation of germplasm resources, biosynthesis and regulation of activeingredients, agarwood formation, artificial induction technology, and future research prospects. Its aim is to provide theoreticalguidance and technical aid for further research on agarwood, ensuring the sustainable growth of the industry.

关 键 词：沉香 沉香属和拟沉香属 鉴定与品质评价 奇楠 人工结香技术 活性成分 基因组与转录组 生物合成 与调控 

分 类 号：S567.19[农业科学—中草药栽培]