区块链提单担保功能实现的路径阐释——以航运数字化转型下新质生产力发展展开  

Interpretation of the Path to Realize the Guarantee Function of Blockchain Electronic Bill of Lading——Based on the Development of New Quality Productive Forces under the Digital Transformation of Shipping

作　　者：董泽瑞 Dong Zerui(School of Civil,Commercial and Economic Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《西北民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期153-164,共12页Journal of Northwest Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：2023年度中国法学会部级法学研究课题一般项目“企业数据担保的法律适配路径”(项目编号:CLS[2023]C13);中国政法大学博士研究生创新实践项目“数据资产融资的可行性分析与规则建构——以习近平法治思想的数字法治观展开”(项目编号:Z2023BSCX09);广东省教育厅普通高校青年创新人才项目“数字时代打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群的法治保障研究”(项目编号:2023WQNCX059);广东省哲学社会科学规划2024年度习近平法治思想研究专项“生成式人工智能数据风险的法律规制研究”(项目编号:GD24XFZ11)。

摘　　要：现代航运已步入数字化时代,区块链提单在成本、安全性和信用方面均具优越性,并可用于国际贸易担保,因为其在功能等同原则下可成为权利载体,具有流通性、可控制性和特定性。就体系定位而言,区块链提单担保应采取质押构造,效力模式应采取登记生效主义;就公示制度而言,区块链提单质押应“双重公示”——首先,担保主体在区块链平台对提单状态标识为“质押”,具有公示效果,其次,质权人通过控制私钥实现对货物的排他性控制;就实现进路而言,质权人有权根据《中华人民共和国民法典》第436条第2款或借鉴UCC“不打破和平”规则直接对区块链提单控制下的货物进行处分;如果同一区块链提单被重复设立担保,各担保权人的权利冲突可借鉴《中华人民共和国民法典》第414条处理。Modern shipping has stepped into the digital era,blockchain electronic bill of lading is more advantageous in terms of cost,security and credit.Blockchain electronic bill of lading can also be used for international trade guarantee,because it can become a carrier of rights under the principle of functional equivalence,and is characterized by liquidity,controllability and specificity.In terms of system positioning,blockchain electronic bill of lading guarantee should adopt pledge construction,and validity mode should adopt the principle of registration validity.As for the publicity system,the blockchain electronic bill of lading pledge should adopt“double publicity”——first,the guarantee subject marks the status of the bill of lading as“pledge”on the blockchain platform,which has the publicity effect;second,the pledgee can achieve exclusive control of the goods by controlling the private key.As for the realization path,the pledgee has the right to dispose of the goods directly in accordance with Article 436(2)of the Civil Code or by referring to the UCC rule of“without a breach of peace”;if the same blockchain electronic bill of lading is repeatedly established as a guarantee,the rights conflict among various security rights holders can be dealt with by referring to Article 414 of the Civil Code.

关 键 词：航运 新质生产力 数字化转型 权利凭证 区块链提单质押 

分 类 号：F740.4[经济管理—国际贸易]