复合铵盐柱浸分层分级风化型稀土矿的浸出过程动力学研究  

Kinetics study on the leaching process of composite ammonium salt column leaching layered and graded weathered rare earth ores

作　　者：卜一航 BU Yihang(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学资源与安全工程学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2024年第11期1-8,共8页Industrial Minerals & Processing

基　　金：武汉工程大学研究生教育创新基金项目(CX2022594)。

摘　　要：风化壳淋积型稀土矿是我国特有、世界罕见的矿产资源,其富含战略价值极高的中重稀土,为实现该类稀土资源的绿色高效浸出,明晰其浸出过程动力学非常关键。本文以福建某风化壳淋积型稀土矿为研究对象,利用自主研发的柱浸试验装置,开展了分层分级矿样柱浸动力学试验。通过颗粒级配优化组合得到6种稀土矿样,分析不同类型矿样的浸出动力学过程和传质变化规律,分析复盐浸取剂配比、温度和梯级浓度对重组矿样浸出动力学的影响,探讨了浸取温度和浸取剂浓度对浸出速率的影响,构建了考虑温度和浓度的分层分级稀土矿样浸出动力学模型。结果表明,粗中细重组矿样为浸出效率最佳的分层分级类型;最有利于稀土浸出和抑铝等杂质的复盐浸取剂配比[(n(硫酸铵)∶n(氯化铵)]为3∶1;最佳梯级浓度方案为阶段一浓度0.4 mol/L、阶段二浓度0.1 mol/L,此方案既可降低浸取剂用量及氨氮污染,还可减少杂质铝的浸出。Weathered crust leaching rare earth ore is a unique mineral resource in China and rare in the world.It is rich in medium and heavy rare earths with high strategic value.In order to realize the green and efficient leaching of this kind of rare earth resources,it is very important to clarify the kinetics of the leaching process.In this paper,a weathering crust leaching rare earth ore in Fujian province was taken as the research object,and the column leaching kinetics test of layered and graded ore samples was carried out by using the self-developed column leaching test device.Six kinds of rare earth ore samples were obtained by optimizing the combination of particle gradation.The leaching kinetics process and mass transfer variation law of different types of ore samples were analyzed.The effects of compound salt leaching agent ratio,temperature and cascade concentration on the leaching kinetics of recombinant ore samples were analyzed.The effects of temperature and concentration on the leaching rate were discussed,and the leaching kinetics model of layered and graded rare earth ore samples considering temperature and concentration was constructed.The results show that the coarse,medium and fine recombined ore samples are the best hierarchical classification type for leaching efficiency.The ratio of double salt leaching agent(n(ammonium sulfate)∶n(ammonium chloride)) is 3∶1,which is most conducive to the leaching of rare earth and the inhibition of impurities such as aluminum.The optimal step concentration scheme is 0.4 mol/L in the first stage and 0.1 mol/L in the second stage,which can not only reduce the dosage of leaching agent and ammonia nitrogen pollution,but also reduce the leaching of impurity aluminum.

关 键 词：风化型稀土矿 浸出动力学 分层分级 温度 梯级浓度 浸取剂 浸出速率 

分 类 号：TD865[矿业工程—金属矿开采]