奶牛乳房炎防治及中兽药作用机制研究进展  

Review on prevention and treatment of cow mastitis and mechanism of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine

作　　者：牟小青 尚立宏[2] 杨峰[1] 丁学智[1] 杨雅媛 武小虎 吕亚楠 武凡琳 李宏胜[1] 梁斌 MOU Xiaoqing;SHANG Lihong;YANG Feng;DING Xuezhi;YANG Yayuan;WU Xiaohu;LYU Yanan;WU Fanlin;LI Hongsheng;LIANG Bin(Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS,Lanzhou Gansu 730050,China;Gansu Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Lanzhou Gansu 730046,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所农业农村部兽用药物创制重点实验室甘肃省新兽药重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050 [2]甘肃省动物疫病预防控制中心,甘肃兰州730046

出　　处：《中兽医医药杂志》2024年第6期47-53,共7页Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：甘肃省农业农村厅项目-甘肃省奶牛健康养殖与主要疫病防控技术集成应用(GNKJ-2023-12);中国农业科学院动物普通病防治创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2014-LIHPS-03)。

摘　　要：奶牛乳房炎是一种由多种病因引发的奶牛常见多发病,给奶牛养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。引起奶牛乳房炎的病因有病原微生物(细菌、病毒、真菌、支原体等)、环境、营养及自身抵抗力等,但以细菌造成的乳房炎为主。乳房炎的防治方法有抗生素、中兽药、噬菌体、抗菌肽、益生菌、纳米颗粒制剂等。目前,对于奶牛乳房炎的治疗首选是抗菌药,但由于不规范使用抗菌药导致细菌耐药性增强,治疗效果下降。随着人们对绿色无抗牛奶需求的增加,减少抗生素使用是国内外学者研究的热点。中兽药由于具有低毒、低残留、疗效确切及细菌不易产生耐药性等特点,临床应用及其作用机制研究逐渐增多。目前商品化的治疗奶牛乳房炎中兽药产品还很少,剂型也比较单一,疗效还有待进一步提高。中兽药对乳房炎主要病原菌的体外抑菌效果,中兽药对人工诱导的乳房炎细胞模型、小鼠及奶山羊乳房炎模型的抗炎作用、信号传导机制,中兽药对机体的免疫因子调节作用等方面均取得一些研究成果,但仍需进一步深入研究,以期开发安全、高效和稳定的治疗奶牛乳房炎的中兽药制剂。Mastitis in dairy cows is a common and frequently occurring disease caused by multiple factors,resulting in significant economic losses to the dairy farming industry.The causes of bovine mastitis include pathogenic microorganisms(bacteria,viruses,fungi,mycoplasma,etc.),environment,nutrition,and self resistance,but bacterial mastitis is the main cause.The prevention and treatment methods for mastitis include antibiotics,traditional Chinese veterinary medicine,bacteriophages,antimicrobial peptides,probiotics,nanoparticle preparations,etc.At present,antibiotics are the preferred treatment for bovine mastitis,but improper use has led to increased bacterial resistance and decreased treatment effectiveness.With the increasing demand for green antibiotic free milk,reducing the use of antibiotics has become a hot topic of research for scholars both domestically and internationally.Due to the characteristics of low toxicity,low residue,definite therapeutic effect,and less bacterial resistance,the clinical application and mechanism of action research of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine are gradually increasing.At present,there are few commercially available traditional Chinese veterinary medicine for the treatment of bovine mastitis,and the dosage forms are relatively single.The efficacy still needs to be further improved.There have been some research results on the in vitro antibacterial effects of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine on the main pathogens of mastitis,the anti-inflammatory effects and signal transduction mechanisms of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine on artificially induced mastitis cell models,mouse and goat mastitis models,and the immunomodulatory effects of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine on the body.However,further in-depth research is still needed to develop new dosage forms and processes,and to develop safe,highly effective,and stable traditional Chinese veterinary drug preparations for treating bovine mastitis.

关 键 词：奶牛乳房炎 病因 治疗 中兽药 作用机制 

分 类 号：S859.5[农业科学—临床兽医学]