21世纪以来新疆地区沙尘暴时空变化及其关键气象影响因子  

Spatial and temporal variations of dust storms in Xinjiang in the 21st century and the key meteorological influence factors

作　　者：李智宽 谭成好 杨婕 赵天良[1] 何清[5] 孟露 张磊[6] 罗悦函 鲁震 王德洋 LI Zhikuan;TAN Chenghao;YANG Jie;ZHAO Tianliang;HE Qing;MENG Lu;ZHANG Lei;LUO Yuehan;LU Zhen;WANG Deyang(Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration,Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044;State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Huzhou Meteorological Service,Huzhou 313000;Taklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station of China Meteorological Administration,Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,中国气象局气溶胶-云-降水重点实验室,南京210044 [2]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广州510640 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]湖州市气象局,湖州313000 [5]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所/中国气象局塔克拉玛干沙漠气象野外科学试验基地,乌鲁木齐830002 [6]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第10期1-9,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.42030612,2024D01A151,42275196)。

摘　　要：利用近24年(2000—2023年)地面气象要素资料及沙尘暴日数资料,分析21世纪以来新疆地区沙尘暴的时空变化特征及关键气象要素对沙尘暴频数年际变化的影响.结果表明:2000—2012年新疆地区沙尘暴日数呈下降趋势(-0.9 d/10 a),2012—2023年沙尘暴日数呈上升趋势(0.5 d/10 a).新疆地区依然维持着春季和夏季沙尘暴高发的区域季节特征,且近年来夏季沙尘暴频数接近甚至超过春季.空间分布上,近24年间沙尘暴日数高值中心在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘,高值区域向东扩张.新疆地区沙尘暴日数在2000—2023年间呈先减后增的变化趋势,主要受到平均风速、大风日数的先减后增年际变化的影响.与2000—2012年比较,这些关键气象要素对2012—2023年间沙尘暴日数年际变化的影响均更显著,近年荒漠化下垫面裸地减少并未改变沙尘暴频数年际变化趋势.Using the data of meteorological elements and the dust storm days in the last 24 years(2000—2023),we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of dust storms over Xinjiang in the 21st century and the meteorological influences on the interannual variations of dust storm frequency.The results show that the dust storms in Xinjiang presented a decreasing trend(-0.9 d/10 a)from 2000 to 2012 and an increasing trend(0.5 d/10 a)from 2012 to 2023.The interannual changes of dust storms in spring and summer show the consistent trends,and the summertime frequency of dust storms was close to and even exceeded the springtime frequency in recent years.Spatially,the high frequency center of dust storm was expanded eastwards in the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert over the past 24 years. The decreasing and increasing trends in the interannual variations of dust storm daysover 2000—2023 was mainly influenced by the interannual variations of the wind speed and the number of gale days over Xinjiang. Compared with2000—2012, the meteorological effects on the interannual changes of the number of dust storm days were more significant during 2012—2023. Incontrast, the reduction of bare land in recent years did not change the trend in the interannual changes of dust storms.

关 键 词：沙尘暴 新疆地区 21世纪 平均风速 塔克拉玛干沙漠 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X16