东海近海海域沉积物中微塑料的赋存特征及生态风险  

Occurrence and ecological risks of microplastics in sediments of the coastal East China Sea

作　　者：徐超 袁曙光 俞嘉炜 刘树仁 李娟英 牛丽丽 刘维屏 XU Chao;YUAN Shuguang;YU Jiawei;LIU Shuren;LI Juanying;NIU Lili;LIU Weiping(College of Environment,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014;Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province,Interdisciplinary Research Academy,Zhejiang Shuren University,Hangzhou 310015;College of Biology and Environmental Engineering,Zhejiang Shuren University,Hangzhou 310015;College of Oceanography and Ecological Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学,环境学院,杭州310014 [2]浙江树人学院,交叉科学研究院,浙江省污染暴露与健康干预重点实验室,杭州310015 [3]浙江树人学院,生物与环境工程学院,杭州310015 [4]上海海洋大学,海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第10期174-184,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22076170,42277396);浙江省自然科学基金(No.LY22B070004)。

摘　　要：微塑料作为一种新污染物在海洋环境中普遍存在,对水生生物和人类健康造成了潜在威胁.东海是我国东部的重要海域,其环境状况对海产品质量和生态安全极为关键.本研究采集了东海近海海域沉积物样品,利用激光红外成像技术,对微塑料的丰度、成分、尺寸和形状进行了分析,推测了其可能来源,并采用3种评估方法评估了其生态风险.结果表明,微塑料在所有样品中均被检出,丰度为500~21700 n·kg^(-1),平均丰度为5725 n·kg^(-1).检出的微塑料主要以<50μm的粒径尺寸形式存在,且碎片形状(纵横比<3)占比80%以上.共识别出12种类型聚合物,其中,聚氨酯(PU)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚丙烯(PP)丰度最高,所占比例分别为29.3%、28.4%、25.6%和6.1%.东海近海海域沉积物中的微塑料主要来源于河流和地表径流等陆源的输入,其中可能含有生活和工业废水以及塑料包装的贡献,河流和洋流的动态可能是导致微塑料空间分布不均的原因之一.此外,研究通过污染负荷指数法、聚合物风险指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评估了沉积物中微塑料的生态风险,PVC和PU是导致其生态风险的主要贡献者.本文研究结果为沿海海岸的生态环境安全评估和风险规避提供了科学支撑.Microplastics is an emerging contaminant,which pervades the marine environment and can pose potential threats to aquatic organisms and human health.The environmental integrity of the coastal East China Sea(ECS),which is a pivotal maritime zone in eastern China,plays a vital role in ensuring the safety of seafood and ecological system.In this study,sediment samples were collected from the coastal(ECS)for a thorough analysis of the abundance,type,particle size and shape of microplastics using laser infrared imaging technology.Furthermore,the possible sources of microplastics were identified,and their ecological risks were estimated.The results showed that microplastics were detectable in all samples,with abundance ranging from 500 to 21700 n·kg^(-1) and an average of 5725 n·kg^(-1).They were mainly in size below 50μm and exhibited a fragment-like shape(aspect ratio<3).Twelve polymer types were identified,with polyurethane(PU)being the most abundant(29.3%),followed by polyethylene terephthalate(28.4%),polyvinyl chloride(PVC)(25.6%),and polypropylene(6.1%).Microplastics in sediments of the coastal(ECS)mainly originated from terrestrial sources such as rivers and surface runoff that potentially include domestic and industrial wastewater as well as plastic packaging.The river dynamics and ocean currents played a crucial role in the uneven distribution of microplastics in the coastal ECS.In addition,the ecological risks of microplastics in sediments were evaluated using three models,including pollution load index,polymer risk index,and potential ecological risk index.PVC and PU were the primary contributors to the threats of the sediment microplastics towards the coastal ECS.The results of this study would provide scientific data for estimating the ecological environment security and mitigating risks in coastal areas.

关 键 词：微塑料 沉积物 海洋 来源 风险评估 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X834