磁场强化垂直流人工湿地对生活污水的净化效果及微生物群落特征  

Purification effect and microbial community characteristics of magnetic fieldenhanced vertical-flow artificial wetland on domestic wastewater

作　　者：郭凤倩 刘云根[2,3] 赵兴杰 杨思林 徐超 殷发金 马荣 GUO Fengqian;LIU Yungen;ZHAO Xingjie;YANG Silin;XU Chao;YIN Fajin;MA Rong(College of Ecology and Environment(College of Wetlands),Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224;College of Soil and Water Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224;Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous and Rural Areas of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院(湿地学院),昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学水土保持学院,昆明650224 [3]云南省山地农村生态环境演变与污染治理重点实验室,昆明650224

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第11期166-175,共10页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：云南省科技厅/重点项目(No.202301AS070042)。

摘　　要：为提高人工湿地的处理效率,构建了磁场强化垂直流人工湿地系统,探究在0、15和55 mT磁场强度下,垂直流人工湿地对污染物的净化效果及其微生物群落结构特征.结果表明:①磁场能够提高湿地对污染物的净化效果,15 mT磁场提升效果不明显,但55 mT磁场能显著提高NH_(4)^(+)-N和COD的去除率(p<0.05),相较于无磁场强化系统分别提升了46.37%和13.74%.②系统的主要优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),丰度之和占总体的74%~76%.磁场有利于功能性菌的富集,尤其在55 mT磁场作用下,Proteobacteria及该菌门下的Arenimonas、Rhodobacter、Thiocystis和Thiocapsa等菌属丰度显著提升.③冗余分析显示,Proteobacteria与TP、NH_(4)^(+)-N和COD去除率均呈正相关,是驱动污染物去除的关键微生物,表明磁场对系统去污能力的提升与该菌门及门下菌属丰度升高有关.④基于FAPROTAX数据库功能预测结果,化能异养和好氧化能异养功能是影响系统净化效果的主要功能型,且55 mT磁场下还发现大量光营养、光能自养和厌氧光养细菌功能型,表明该系统中Thiocystis和Thiocapsa等光合细菌丰度提升对污染物的去除发挥重要作用.综上,磁场通过改变垂直流人工湿地系统的菌群结构,进而影响系统的净化效果,可为推广磁场应用于垂直流人工湿地处理生活污水提供理论依据和技术支撑.To enhance artificial wetland efficiency,we constructed a magnetically enhanced vertical-flow system to study pollutant purification and microbial community structure under magnetic field intensities of 0,15,and 55 mT.The results indicate the following:①Magnetic fields can improve the purification effect of wetlands on pollutants.Although the effect of the 15 mT magnetic field was negligible,the 55 mT magnetic field significantly increased the removal rates of NH_(4)^(+)-N and COD(p<0.05)by 46.37%and 13.74%,respectively,compared to the system without magnetic field enhancement.②The dominant bacterial phyla in the systems were Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,and Bacteroidetes,collectively representing 74%~76%of the total abundance.Magnetic fields facilitate the enrichment of functional bacteria,particularly evident under the 55 mT magnetic field,where the abundance of Proteobacteria and its genera Arenimonas,Rhodobacter,Thiocystis,and Thiocapsa significantly increased.③Redundancy analysis revealed that Proteobacteria positively correlated with TP,NH_(4)^(+)-N,and COD removal rates,indicating that it is the key microorganism driving pollutant removal.This implies that the purification ability of the magnetic field-enhanced system correlates with the increased abundance of these bacteria.④Functional prediction results from the FAPROTAX database indicate that chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy functions are the main functional types affecting the purification effect of the system.Furthermore,a significant presence of phototrophy,photoautotrophy,and anoxygenic photoautotrophy bacterial functional types was observed under the 55 mT magnetic field,indicating that the increased abundance of photosynthetic bacteria,such as Thiocystis and Thiocapsa,contributed to pollutant removal in the system.In conclusion,magnetic fields affect the purification efficiency of vertical-flow artificial wetland systems by modifying their microbial community structure.This study offers both theoretical underpinning and techni

关 键 词：生活污水 人工湿地 磁场强化 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]