后工业化国家的就业结构转型与社会分层演变——兼论对中国社会分层研究的启示  

The Transformation of Employment Structure and the Evolution of Social Stratification in Post-Industrial Countries:Implications for the Research on Social Stratification in China

作　　者：侯利明 HOU Liming

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院社会学系

出　　处：《社会学评论》2024年第6期92-115,共24页Sociological Review of China

摘　　要：20世纪70年代以后,西方工业化国家开始由工业化社会向后工业化社会转型,以制造业为主导的经济格局逐渐被服务业和知识经济所取代。在这一转型过程中,工业工人逐渐减少,专业技术人员和服务业人员迅速增多,劳动力市场结构呈现出明显的两极化效应。然而,基于工业化社会所构建的EGP阶层图式未能捕捉到后工业化社会就业结构的变化,越来越多的女性和常规非体力人员无法在传统的阶层框架中找到合适的阶层位置。针对这一问题,厄施提出了基于工作逻辑的社会分层理念,根据日常工作是否涉及专业技能的运用、组织权力的行使和满足个人需求的服务进行阶层划分,准确反映了后工业化社会就业结构的多样性和复杂性。对于正在向后工业化社会转型的中国来说,厄施的社会分层理念有助于我们预测中国就业结构的演变和社会分层的未来趋势,可为制定更加科学合理的社会政策提供有力支持。Since the 1970s,Western industrialized societies have been transitioning to post-industrial societies,with economies gradually shifting from manufacturing to being dominated by service industries and the knowledge economy.During this transition,the working class has gradually declined,while the number of professional and service industry workers has rapidly increased,resulting in a noticeable polarization in the labor market structure.However,the EGP class schema,constructed based on industrial society,has failed to capture the changes in the employment structure of post-industrial societies.Increasing numbers of women and non-manual routine workers cannot find appropriate class positions within the traditional class framework.To address this issue,Oesch proposed a concept of social stratification based on the work logic,categorizing classes according to whether daily work involves the use of professional skills,the exercise of organizational power,or the service of personal needs.This accurately reflects the diversity and complexity of employment structures in post-industrial societies.For China,which is transitioning to a post-industrial society,Oesch's concept of social stratification can help us predict the future development trends of social stratification in China and provide strong support for the formulation of more scientific and reasonable social policies.

关 键 词：后工业化社会 就业结构 社会分层 工作逻辑 EGP阶层图式 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理] F249.2[社会学]