参与式伦理规约:人工智能时代的风险挑战及其治理逻辑构建  

Participatory ethical regulations:Risk challenges of artificial intelligence era and construction of governance logic

作　　者：张成岗 潘璐 ZHANG Chenggang;PAN Lu(Department of Sociology,School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Chinese Association of Development Strategy Studies,Beijing 100190,China;Beijing Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会科学学院社会学系,北京100084 [2]中国发展战略学研究会,北京100190 [3]北京市社会科学院,北京100101

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2024年第11期1860-1870,共11页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大研究项目(18VDL015);鄂尔多斯“国家智能社会治理试验综合基地课题和场景研究”项目(20242001579);武汉东湖新技术开发区智能社会治理实验综合基地项目(20232001338)。

摘　　要：参与式伦理规约是强调多元主体的参与,旨在构建一个更全面、平衡的伦理治理方案。人工智能技术的迅猛发展正引领人类社会经历前所未有的变革,对伦理观念、社会治理模式及人与技术的共生关系产生深远影响。多元主体参与、交互式、开放性的参与式伦理规约是应对人工智能技术快速发展带来挑战的重要路径。构建基于参与式伦理规约的人工智能治理框架,从原则、边界、路径多方面为人工智能的持续、公正和透明发展提供了方案,以应对技术、文化、经济、社会等多方面伦理风险及挑战。作为一种新兴治理框架,参与式伦理规约体现了人本价值,提升了治理的效率与公正性,强化了多元主体的权利平衡与责任共担,促进了伦理规范与技术创新的协同进步,推动实现人工智能与人类社会的和谐共生。在此基础上,提出立法、动态调整人工智能伦理评估体系、加强教育培训与积极参与国际合作、引入“沙盒机制”进行法规试点的建议,从而妥善应对智能社会治理的未来风险。Participatory ethical norms emphasize the involvement of diverse stakeholders,aiming to construct a more comprehensive and balanced ethical governance framework.The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology is leading society through unprecedented transformations,significantly impacting ethical perspectives,social governance models,and the symbiotic relationship between humans and technology.The participatory ethical norms,characterized by multi-stakeholder participation,interactivity,and openness,represent a crucial pathway for addressing the challenges posed by the rapid development of AI technology.Constructing an AI governance framework based on participatory ethical norms provides solutions for the sustainable,fair,and transparent development of AI from multiple aspects including principles,boundaries,and pathways,addressing ethical risks and challenges across technological,cultural,economic,and social dimensions.As an emerging governance framework,participatory ethical norms reflect human-centric values,enhance governance efficiency and fairness,strengthen the balance of rights and shared responsibilities among diverse stakeholders,and promote the synergistic advancement of ethical standards and technological innovation,fostering harmonious coexistence between AI and human society.Based on this,the study proposes recommendations for legislation,dynamic adjustment of AI ethical assessment systems,enhanced education and training with active international cooperation,and the introduction of a“sandbox mechanism”for regulatory pilots,thereby appropriately addressing future risks in the governance of intelligent society.

关 键 词：新技术革命 人工智能 风险挑战 社会治理 伦理规约 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] B82-057[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]