关于青铜刻刀在青铜器上錾刻铭文的可行性研究  

A Feasibility Study on Cutting Inscriptions on Bronzes with Bronze Engravers

作　　者：张凯 ZHANG Kai(Shanghai Museum,Shanghai 200003,China)

机构地区：[1]上海博物馆,上海200003

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2024年第3期281-294,共14页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

摘　　要：文章分析了不同锡(Sn)含量的青铜刻刀(12%、16%、20%、23%、26%、30%)在青铜板(含锡12%)上的刻铭试验,发现其均能刻铭成功,差异体现在刻铭的效果和刻刀的磨损上,含锡20%的刻刀刻字效果明显且刻刀持久耐用,低于此值的刻刀出现卷刃,高于此值的刻刀出现磨平或崩刃,且刻字效果不太理想。随着含锡量的增加,青铜的硬度先升后降,在加入铅(Pb)后,青铜的硬度普遍降低,为錾刻的实施提供了良好条件。此外,通过考察宏观的力学性能和微观的金相组织,本文分析了上述试验现象产生的原因,并在扫描电镜和XRD的配合下,更深入地讨论了硬度先升后降的机理。从技术角度看,青铜时代早期的刻铭并不难实现,无需借助铁质工具,这为西周时期晋侯苏钟以及更早的商代刻铭提供了试验和理论依据。This article analyzes tests made using bronze engraving knives with different Sn content(Sn:12%,16%,20%,23%,26%,30%)on bronze plates(Sn:12%),and finds that they can be successfully engraved.Differences are noted in the effectiveness of the engraving and wear on the engraving knives.The 20%Sn knife was durable and had clear engraving effectiveness.Knives below this value had curled edges,while those above this value had flattened or broken edges,and the engraving effect was not ideal.With the increase of Sn content,the hardness of bronze increases first and then decreases,and with the addition of Pb,the hardness generally decreases,providing suitable conditions for carving.By examining the macroscopic mechanical properties and the microscopic metallographic structure,this article also analyzes the reasons for the above-mentioned experimental phenomena,and with the cooperation of scanning electron microscopy and XRD,further discusses the mechanism of the hardness first rising and then falling.Finally,from the technical point of view,inscriptions done during the early Bronze Age were not difficult to achieve,and there was no need for the use of iron tools.This research thus provides an experimental and theoretical basis for the Western Zhou Dynasty Jinhou Su Bell and earlier Shang Dynasty inscriptions.

关 键 词：铸铭 刻铭 青铜刻刀 晋侯苏钟 刻刀实验 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]