食盐与疾病:抗战期间内迁院所对川南痹病的防治实践  

Salt and Disease:the Control of Pa Disease in Southern Sichuan during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

作　　者：蓝贻茜 张大庆[1,2] LAN Yiqian;ZHANG Daqing(Department of History of Science Technology and Medicine,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学科学、技术与医学史系,北京100191 [2]北京大学医学人文学院,北京100191

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2024年第3期336-349,共14页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“当代重大传染病防治史研究及数据库建设”(项目编号:20&ZD224)。

摘　　要：抗日战争时期,国立武汉大学、黄海化学工业研究社、国立同济大学来到川南,同时遭遇了地方病“痹病”,此病的诊治预防成为三院所研讨的新课题。川南痹病即地方性急性钡中毒,川南盐卤钡含量高而盐场制盐技术有限,因此盐中多含钡,导致痹病肆虐。本文分析了科学研究报告、新闻报刊、日记等资料以考察多主体互动合作防治痹病的过程。同济大学医学院与黄海化学工业研究社开展合作,通过生化实验和临床诊断证明痹病本质是“钡盐中毒”,防治的关键在于产盐提钡。黄海化学工业研究社与地方政府合作,协助制定食盐钡含量的安全标准,开发产盐提钡技术并监督实施,开展食盐含钡检验工作,以保障食盐品质,维护盐销区军民的健康和安全,助力抗战。During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the National Wuhan University,Huanghai Chemical Industry Research Institute,and the National Tongji University relocated to southern Sichuan.They encountered an endemic disease,Pa bing(痹病Pa disease),prompting new research into its diagnosis,treatment,and prevention.The high barium content in the salt brine and limited salt production technology in southern Sichuan contributed to the prevalence of this disease.This article examines the process of the multidisciplinary interactions and negotiations to control Pa disease,drawing on scientific research reports,journals,and private diaries.Biochemical experiments and clinical diagnoses demonstrated that the disease was the result of“barium salt poisoning”,with the key to its prevention and treatment being the removal of barium from the salt.Huanghai Chemical Industry Research Institute collaborated with local governments to establish safety standards for barium content in salt,developed barium removal technology,and examined barium salt to ensure salt quality.These efforts protected the health and safety of both military personnel and the public in the affected areas and supported the war effort and construction of the southwestern region.

关 键 词：抗日战争 痹病(地方性急性钡中毒) 钡盐 科学研究 社会服务 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]