2018—2022学年淮安市中小学生水痘因病缺课的流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of chickenpox-related school absenteeism among primary and secondary school students in Huai'an city from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：付瑞 张锡彦 葛恒康[1] 骆善彩 陈俐如 杨婕[3,4] FU Rui;ZHANG Xi-yan;GE Heng-kang;LUO Shan-cai;CHEN Li-ru;YANG Jie(Nutrition and Food Hygiene Department,Huai’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Huai’an,Jiangsu 223001,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]淮安市疾病预防控制中心营养与食品卫生科,江苏淮安223001 [2]江苏省现场流行病学培训项目,江苏南京210009 [3]江苏省疾病预防控制中心儿童青少年健康促进所,江苏南京211166 [4]南京医科大学,江苏南京211166

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第21期3911-3916,3922,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 了解水痘在淮安市中小学生因病缺课中的流行病学特征,为进一步做好校园水痘防控提供参考依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对江苏省学生健康监测系统收集的2018—2022学年淮安市中小学生水痘因病缺课数据进行分析,并应用圆形分布法分析水痘因病缺课的季节性特征。结果 2018—2022学年淮安市中小学生年均水痘因病缺课率为26.23/10万,各学年水痘因病缺课率在11.96/10万(2021学年)~70.84/10万(2020学年)之间(χ^(2)=101 240.39,P<0.01),人均水痘因病缺课天数为3.98 d。男生年均水痘因病缺课率高于女生(27.06/10万vs.25.26/10万,χ^(2)=166.19,P<0.01),不同学校类型中小学生年均水痘因病缺课率在4.30/10万(职业高中)~39.97/10万(小学)之间,城区中小学生年均水痘因病缺课率高于郊县(30.84/10万vs.17.10/10万,χ^(2)=9 519.78,P<0.01)。水痘因病缺课率在上学期10—12月出现一个主高峰,下学期4—6月出现一个次高峰,经圆形分布法雷氏检验,水痘因病缺课存在明显的季节性集中趋势,上、下学期高峰日分别为11月26日和5月18日,高峰期分别为10月29日—12月25日和4月9日—6月26日(Z值分别为48 673.79、3 217.29,P值均<0.01)。结论 淮安市中小学生水痘因病缺课率相对较高,水痘因病缺课监测应重点关注男生、小学、城区、两个高峰期(10—12月和4—6月)。圆形分布法分析水痘因病缺课的季节性特征具有较好的实用性,可为校园水痘防控提供数据支持。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox-related absenteeism among primary and secondary school students in Huai'an city,providing reference for further improving chickenpox prevention and control in schools.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze data on chickenpox-related absenteeism collected from the Jiangsu Provincial Student Health Monitoring System for the 2018 to 2022 academic years.The circular distribution method was used to analyze the seasonal characteristics of absenteeism due to chickenpox.Results The average annual rate of chickenpox-related absenteeism among primary and secondary school students in Huai 'an city from 2018 to2022 was 26.23 per 100 000.The absenteeism rates varied between 11.96(2021 academic year) and 70.84(2020 academic year)(χ~2=101 240.39,P < 0.01),with an average of 3.98 days absent per student.The absenteeism rate for boys was higher than that for girls(27.06 vs.25.26,χ~2=166.19,P < 0.01).Among different school types,the average absenteeism rate ranged from 4.30(vocational high schools) to 39.97(primary schools),with urban students exhibiting a higher average absenteeism rate compared to those in suburban areas(30.84 vs.17.10,χ~2=9 519.78,P < 0.01).A primary peak in absenteeism occurred from October to December in the first semester,while a secondary peak was observed from April to June in the second semester.Circular distribution method analysis revealed a significant seasonal concentration trend,with peak days occurring on November 26 and May 18,and peak periods spanning from October 29 to December 25 and from April 9 to June 26,re-spectively(Z values of 48 673.79 and 3 217.29,with P values < 0.01).Conclusion The rate of chickenpox-related absenteeism among primary and secondary school students in Huai'an city is relatively high.Monitoring should focus on boys,primary schools,urban areas,and the two peak periods(October-December and April-June).The circular distribution method for analyzing seasonal characterist

关 键 词：水痘 中小学生 因病缺课 流行病学特征 圆形分布法 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]