不同社会活动在老年人自评健康与认知功能关联中的中介作用  

The mediating role of different social activities in the relationship between self-rated health and cognitive function in older adults

作　　者：张小帅 张远航 周瑾 张琳 高蕾[1] ZHANG Xiao-shuai;ZHANG Yuan-hang;ZHOU Jin;ZHANG Lin;GAO Lei(School of Health Management,Harbin Medical University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第21期3955-3960,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(71904036);黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题(20231515020203)。

摘　　要：目的 分析不同社会活动类型在健康状况与认知功能之间的多重中介效应,为减缓老年人认知功能障碍提供参考。方法 本研究在中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查2018年数据中选取7 991名65岁以上老年人,构建多重中介效应模型,研究运动健身、文化娱乐、人际交往、家庭生活在自评健康与认知功能之间的多重中介效应。结果 自评健康、四类社会活动与认知功能均具有相关关系(P<0.01)。运动健身、文化娱乐、人际交往、家庭生活在自评健康与认知功能之间存在部分中介作用。一方面,自评健康可直接影响老年人的认知功能,效应值为0.591(95%CI:0.471~0.710);另一方面自评健康可通过四类社会活动介导认知功能。其中,运动健身中介作用效应值为0.010(95%CI:0.002~0.018),文化娱乐的中介作用效应值为0.083(95%CI:0.055~0.113),人际交往中介作用效应值为0.061(95%CI:0.042~0.080),家庭生活中介作用效应值为0.078(95%CI:0.054~0.104)。结论 自评健康可以通过促进老年人社会活动参与进而延缓其认知功能衰退。Objective To analyze the multiple mediating effects of different types of social activities on the relationship between health status and cognitive function,providing insights for mitigating cognitive impairment in older adults.Methods Using data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,7 991 individuals aged 65 and older were selected to construct a multiple mediation model examining the mediating effects of physical exercise,cultural and recreational ac-tivities,interpersonal interactions,and family life on the relationship between self-rated health and cognitive function.Results Self-rated health and the four types of social activities were significantly correlated with cognitive function(P < 0.01).Physical exercise,cultural and recreational activities,interpersonal interactions,and family life exhibited partial mediating effects between self-rated health and cognitive function.Specifically,self-rated health directly influenced cognitive function with an effect size of 0.591(95% CI:0.471-0.710).Furthermore,self-rated health mediated cognitive function through the four types of social activities.The mediating effect size was 0.010(95%CI:0.002-0.018) for physical exercise,0.083(95%CI:0.055-0.113) for recreational activities,0.061(95% CI:0.042-0.080) for interpersonal interactions,and 0.078(95% CI:0.054-0.104) for family life.Conclusion Self-rated health can delay cognitive decline in older adults by promoting their participation in social activities.

关 键 词：自评健康 社会参与 认知功能 中介效应 CLHLS数据库 

分 类 号：R592[医药卫生—老年医学] B844.4[医药卫生—内科学]