安徽省2020—2023年脊髓灰质炎疫苗疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析  

Surveillance and analysis of suspected adverse events following immunization of poliomyelitis vaccination in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023

作　　者：胡文怡 孟凡亚[2] 王斌冰[2] 孙永[2] 薛文庆 HU Wen-yi;MENG Fan-ya;WANG Bin-bing;SUN Yong;XUE Wen-qing(Bengbu Medical College,Bengbu,Anhui 233030,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]蚌埠医科大学,安徽蚌埠233030 [2]安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第21期3996-4001,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 分析安徽省2020—2023年脊髓灰质炎(简称脊灰)疫苗(poliomyelitis vaccine,PV)疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统AEFI监测模块(中国AEFI监测系统)收集安徽省2020—2023年二价脊灰减毒活疫苗(bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine,b OPV)、sabin株脊灰灭活疫苗(inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains,s IPV)、脊灰灭活疫苗(salk strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine,IPV)和吸附无细胞百白破灭活脊髓灰质炎和b型流感嗜血杆菌(结合)联合疫苗(diphtheria,tetanus,acellular pertussis,inactivated poliovirus and Haemophilus influenza type b combined vaccine,DTa P-IPV-Hib)的AEFI个案数据,通过安徽省免疫规划信息管理系统收集疫苗接种剂次数,采用描述性流行病学方法对AEFI报告发生率和特征进行分析。结果 安徽省2020—2023年共报告PV的AEFI个案3 036例,总报告发生率为38.37/10万剂,其中b OPV、IPV-sabin、IPV-salk、DTa P-IPV-Hib报告发生率分别为17.47/10万剂、47.86/10万剂、33.29/10万剂和82.11/10万剂。一般反应、异常反应分别占94.57%和4.97%。男女性别比为1.31∶1。一般反应中高热(腋温≥38.6℃)、局部红肿(直径>2.5 cm)和局部硬结(直径>2.5cm)报告发生率分别为8.67/10万剂、7.22/10万剂和4.41/10万剂,异常反应中过敏性皮疹、其他疾病报告发生率分别为1.43/10万剂、0.48/10万剂。结论 安徽省2020—2023年PV AEFI多为一般反应,异常反应罕见。Objective To analyze suspected adverse events following immunization(AEFI) of poliomyelitis vaccination(PV) in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023.Methods Data on adverse events following immunization(AEFI) were collected through the AEFI monitoring module of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.These included cases related to the bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine(bOPV),inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine made from Sabin strains(sIPV),inactivated poliovirus vaccine(IPV),and the combined diphtheria,tetanus,acellular pertussis,inactivated poliovirus,and Haemophiles influenza type b vaccine(DTaP-IPV-Hib).The number of vaccine doses administered was obtained from the Anhui Immunization Program Information Management System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence and characteristics of AEFI reports.Results A total of 3 036 cases of AEFI related to poliomyelitis vaccination were reported in Anhui Province from 2020 to 2023,with an overall incidence rate of 38.37 per 100 000 doses.The incidence rates for b OPV,IPV-Sabin,IPV-Salk,and DTaP-IPV-Hib were 17.47,47.86,33.29,and 82.11 per 100 000 doses,respectively.General reactions accounted for 94.57% of cases,while abnormal reactions constituted 4.97%.The male-to-female ratio was1.31:1.Among general reactions,the incidence rates for high fever(axillary temperature ≥ 38.6°C),local swelling(diameter> 2.5 cm),and local induration(diameter > 2.5 cm) were 8.67,7.22,and 4.41 per 100 000 doses,respectively.For abnormal reactions,the incidence rates for allergic rashes and other diseases were 1.43 and 0.48 per 100 000 doses,respectively.Conclusion From 2020 to 2023,AEFI related to poliomyelitis vaccination in Anhui Province were predominantly general reactions,with abnormal reactions being rare.

关 键 词：脊髓灰质炎疫苗 疑似预防接种异常反应 监测 安全性 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]