2012—2022年云南省边境地区突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Yunnan Province's border areas(2012—2022)

作　　者：邬志薇[1] 林燕[1] 郑尔达 何继波[1] 常利涛[2] WU Zhi-wei;LIN Yan;ZHENG Er-da;HE Ji-bo;CHANG Li-tao(Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Epidemic Monitoring/Public Health Emergency Response Center,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心疫情监测/突发公共卫生事件处置中心,云南昆明650500 [2]云南省云南省疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第21期4002-4007,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析云南省边境地区近年来突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,为进一步有效开展防控工作提供科学依据。方法通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统-突发公共卫生事件报告管理系统”收集云南省25个边境县(市)2012—2022年报告的突发公共卫生事件资料,运用描述流行病学方法分析其流行特征。结果2012—2022年云南省边境地区共报告突发公共卫生事件452起,累积报告病例31020例、死亡110例,总体罹患率0.94%,总体病死率0.35%。事件类型以传染病暴发和食物中毒为主,分别占75.2%和22.1%。传染病暴发高发期为6月、11月,食物中毒高发期为5—7月。引发事件的原因主要为水痘、新冠病毒感染和野生菌中毒,分别占21.0%、17.7%、9.5%;引起死亡最多的为野生菌中毒,53例,占48.2%。学校(47.7%)和社区/村(27.7%)是传染病暴发的主要场所。德宏州报告的事件数为192起,占总事件数的42.7%,报告的病例数为13644例,占总病例数的44.0%。12个(48.0%)边境县(市)报告境外输入传染病导致的突发公共卫生事件共16起,输入来源为缅甸和老挝,分别占93.7%和6.3%;输入病种主要为登革热、新冠病毒感染和基孔肯雅热,分别占31.3%、31.3%、18.8%,境外输入传染病相关事件高发期为7—9月。结论云南省边境地区报告的突发公共卫生事件以传染病暴发和食物中毒为主,夏、冬季为高发季节,主要病因为水痘、新冠病毒感染、登革热,主要死因为野生菌中毒。学校和社区是传染病暴发防控的重点场所。建议边境地区加强重点疾病及传播媒介的监测预警和风险评估,重点关注与缅甸接壤地区传染病跨境输入防控。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Yunnan Province's border areas in recent years,providing a scientific basis for effective prevention and control measures.Methods Data on public health emergencies reported in 25 border counties(cities)of Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2022 were collected through the“China Disease Prevention and Control Information System-Public Health Emergency Reporting Management System”.Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics.Results From 2012 to 2022,a total of452 public health emergencies were reported in Yunnan Province's border areas,with 31020 cases and 110 deaths,resulting in an overall incidence rate of 0.94%and a case fatality rate of 0.35%.The primary types of events were infectious disease outbreaks(75.2%)and food poisoning(22.1%).The peak periods for infectious disease outbreaks were June and November,while food poisoning peaked from May to July.The leading causes of events were chickenpox(21.0%),COVID-19(17.7%),and wild mushroom poisoning(9.5%),with wild mushroom poisoning accounting for the most deaths(53 cases,48.2%).Schools(47.7%)and communities/villages(27.7%)were the main locations for infectious disease outbreaks.Dehong Prefecture reported192 events,constituting 42.7%of the total,with 13644 cases,representing 44.0%of the total cases.Twelve(48.0%)border counties(cities)reported 16 public health emergencies caused by imported infectious diseases,primarily from Myanmar(93.7%)and Laos(6.3%).Main diseases included dengue fever(31.3%),COVID-19(31.3%),and chikungunya(18.8%),with a peak period for imported infectious disease-related events from July to September.Conclusion The reported public health emergencies in Yunnan Province's border areas are mainly due to infectious disease outbreaks and food poisoning,with peak seasons in summer and winter.Major causes include chickenpox,COVID-19,and dengue fever,while the leading cause of death is wild mushroom poisoning.Schools

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 传染病 流行特征 边境地区 

分 类 号：R181.22[医药卫生—流行病学]