论南方民族语言量名结构的语序类型  

The Word Order Types of Quantifier-noun Structure In Southern Ethnic Languages

作　　者：张成[1] ZHANG Cheng(College of Literature,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang,Guizhou,550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学文学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《凯里学院学报》2024年第5期63-75,共13页Journal of Kaili University

基　　金：贵州省哲学社会科学基金青年项目“贵州苗族语言生态调查研究”(20GZQN14);国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“基于《世界语言结构地图集》的中国少数民族语言类型研究”(17ZDA310);国家社科重大项目“中国苗语方言地图集”(21&ZDA302)。

摘　　要：量名结构是南方民族语言重要的量化手段之一,具有独特的地域性和民族性特征。南方民族语言的量名结构有无指性量名结构和有指性量名结构2个类型,前者有较强的指称性,具有定指功能和不定指功能,后者具有描摹功能,指称性较弱,同时具有概念化功能和主观化功能。量名结构的语序比较丰富,汉藏语系苗瑶语族、壮侗语族部分语言的量名结构基本语序与现代汉语趋同,是结构重组、语法复制和语境吸收的结果。藏缅语族量名结构与早期汉语的语序相同,具有类型学上的共性。南亚语系部分语言出现双重语序,部分语言是单语序,是由“Num+CL+N”和“N+Num+CL”转换的结果。南岛语系语言量名结构的语序为名词前置和名词后置两种,量词不出现,但有结构助词修饰,是南岛语系语言的个性特征。The quantifier-noun Structure is the important quantitative methods for southern ethnic languages,with unique regional and ethnic characteristics.There are two types of quantity and name structures in southern ethnic languages:non referential and referential.The former has strong referential and definite referential functions,while the latter has descriptive and referential functions,as well as conceptual and subjective functions.The word order of the quantifier-noun structure is relatively rich.In some languages of the Miao Yao and Zhuang Dong language families,the basic order of the quantifiernoun structure is similar to the modern hinese,which is the result of structural reorganization,grammatical replication,and contextual absorption.The quantifier-noun tructure of the Zang-Mian language family is the same as the word order of early Chinese,and has typological similarities.Some languages in the South Asian language family have dual word order,while others have monolingual order,which is the result of the conversion between"Num+CL+N"and"N+Num+CL".The word order of the quantifier-noun structure in Austronesian languages consists of two types:noun preposition and noun postposition.Quantifiers do not appear,but they are modified by structural particles,which is a distinctive feature of Austronesian languages.

关 键 词：南方民族语言 量名结构 语法功能 语序类型 

分 类 号：H2[语言文字—少数民族语言]