论我国行政刑法立法型构的空白预留限度  

A Study on the Reserved Limits in the Legislative Structure of China’s Administrative Criminal Law

作　　者：刘泽鑫 蔡一军 LIU Zexin;CAI Yijun

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院警务学院 [2]华东政法大学

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2024年第6期48-65,共18页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

摘　　要：行政刑法规范罪状的部分内容须与之相衔接的行政法律规范填补,这在一定程度上成为刑法入罪口径过宽的诱因。自1997年我国进入刑法典时代后,刑法虽经历数次修改,但行政刑法“口袋罪”问题不减反增,刑法甚至在某种程度成为前置行政法的升格罚则。这同时也导致了犯罪圈的过度扩张,进而加剧了立法与司法之间的分化。在对我国行政刑法立法概念化路径检讨的前提下,立法层面选择类型化路径能够有效限制行政刑法泛化的负面影响。立基于此,行政刑法的立法应遵循行政前置法定性与刑事法定量相统一原则与明确行政刑法规范保护目的之原则,以此明确行政刑法与其前置行政法规之间的关系,为行政犯罪状边界提供立法准则。在具体立法类型化的实现方式上以“缓和的违法一元论”为基本立场,从整体法秩序的角度协调行政刑法与行政法律规范间的“规范保护目的”,根据不同的规范目的在罪状中确立“规范保护目的”及规范背后反映的法益保护程度,结合罪量因素对罪状进行分层设计,达到限制行政刑法立法空白预留限度的效果。Some parts of the administrative criminal law norms need to be complemented by corresponding administrative legal norms,which to some extent,become an inducement for the excessively broad scope of criminalization.Since China entered the era of the Criminal Code in 1997,the Criminal Code has undergone several amendments,but the problem of“pocket crimes”in administrative criminal law has not decreased but increased.To some extent,the Criminal Code has even become an upgraded penal provision of the preceding administrative law.This has also led to the over-expansion of the crime circle,further exacerbating the division between legislation and judiciary.Under the premise of reviewing the conceptual path of China’s administrative criminal law legislation,choosing a typological path at the legislative level can effectively limit the negative impact of the generalization of administrative criminal law.Therefore,the legislation of administrative criminal law should follow the principle of unifying the legality of preceding administrative law and the quantification of criminal law,and the principle of clarifying the normative protection purpose of administrative criminal law.This will clarify the relationship between administrative criminal law and its preceding administrative regulations,providing legislative guidelines for the boundaries of administrative crimes.In the specific implementation of legislative typification,the basic stance should be“moderate violation monism”,coordinating the“normative protection purpose”between administrative criminal law and administrative legal norms from the perspective of the overall legal order.Based on different normative purposes,the“normative protection purpose”and the degree of legal interest protection reflected behind the norms should be established in the crime descriptions,combined with quantitative factors to stratify the design of crime descriptions,to achieve the effect of limiting the legislative blank reservation limits of administrative criminal law.

关 键 词：行政刑法 类型化 立法型构 规范保护目的 罪状分层 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]