庆大霉素胁迫下制药废水厌氧生物处理性能及耐药风险研究  

Impact of gentamicin on the performance and antimicrobial resistance in the anaerobic treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater

作　　者：宋思奇 蒋明烨 王跃强 余震 刘惠玲 SONG SiQi;JIANG MingYe;WANG YueQiang;YU Zhen;LIU HuiLing(Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management,National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China,Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;Guangzhou Institute of Building Science Group Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510010,China;College of Environmental science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所,华南土壤污染控制与修复国家地方联合工程研究中心,广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广州510650 [2]广州市建筑科学研究院集团有限公司,广州510010 [3]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2024年第10期1937-1948,共12页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域联合基金重点项目(批准号:U21A20295);广东省自然科学基金杰出青年项目(编号:2022B1515020021);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(编号:2023M730795);广东省科技计划项目(编号:2023B1212060044)资助。

摘　　要：本文通过对含不同浓度(0,50和100 mg/L)庆大霉素的模拟制药废水进行连续流厌氧生物处理,探究庆大霉素对处理过程效能和耐药风险的影响.结果表明,50 mg/L庆大霉素对厌氧生物处理效能没有显著影响,而100 mg/L庆大霉素会显著地降低处理体系COD的去除率和甲烷产量(p<0.05);与对照组相比,其日均COD去除率和甲烷产量分别降低19.80%和38.46%.庆大霉素一方面会通过减缓颗粒有机物的水解进程影响处理效能;另一方面,高浓度(100 mg/L)庆大霉素可阻止体系内氨酰基-tRNA合成相关酶作用,从而抑制产乙酸类菌群生长及代谢.尽管厌氧生物处理可以去除92.08%~97.63%的庆大霉素残留,但也导致体系内耐药基因(ARGs)的相对丰度显著增加.偏最小二乘路径分析结果表明,体系内耐药性增加主要归因于:(1)Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1等28个潜在宿主菌属的富集;(2)可移动遗传元件相对丰度的增加;(3)与细菌的接合及革兰氏阴性菌转化相关功能基因丰度的增加.庆大霉素浓度越高,体系耐药菌富集程度及ARGs水平转移风险越大.本研究明确了高浓度庆大霉素对厌氧生物处理体系的抑制机制及潜在的耐药传播风险,为科学建立抗生素制药废水排放标准和风险管理提供理论依据.This study explores the impact of gentamicin concentrations on the effectiveness of anaerobic treatment processes and the development of antimicrobial resistance within synthetic pharmaceutical wastewater treatments.Specifically,it examines the performance under various gentamicin concentrations,namely 0,50,and 100 mg/L.The results show that introducing 50 mg/L of gentamicin into the wastewater does not significantly affect the efficiency of the anaerobic treatment.By contrast,a concentration of100 mg/L notably reduces the daily chemical oxygen demand removal ratio and methane production of the reactors by 19.80% and38.46%,respectively(p < 0.05).The study identifies the suppression of hydrolase activity and the hindered hydrolysis process of particle organic matter as key mechanisms through which gentamicin exerts its inhibitory effects.Meanwhile,100 mg/L gentamicin might impede the growth of acetogens by suppressing the activity of aminoacyl-t RNA synthetase.Although the study confirms that between 92.08% and 97.63% of gentamicin can be degraded by anaerobic treatment,it highlights an increase in the relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes.Through the partial least squares path analysis,we associate the increase in antimicrobial resistance with three critical factors:(1) the enrichment of 28 potential hosts including Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1,(2) the increase in the relative abundance of mobile genetic elements,and(3) the rise in the functional genes related to conjugation and gram-negative bacterial transformation.Moreover,the data suggest a positive correlation between the gentamicin concentration and the enrichment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the risks associated with horizontal gene transfer.This study elucidates the inhibitory mechanisms of high gentamicin concentrations on anaerobic treatment performance and underscores the potential for increased antibiotic resistance dissemination.These results provide a scientific basis to establish appropriate antibiotic emission concentrations and

关 键 词：庆大霉素 厌氧生物处理 微生物群落 抗生素耐药性 水平转移 

分 类 号：X787[环境科学与工程—环境工程]