免疫与代谢:网络调控、取舍权衡与机体稳态  

Immunity and metabolism:network regulation,trade-offs,and homeostasis

作　　者：刘娟宏 刘峰[1] LIU JuanHong;LIU Feng(The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center,Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine of Hunan Province,Changsha 410011,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅二医院,国家代谢性疾病临床医学研究中心,中南大学代谢综合征研究中心,湖南省心血管代谢医学重点实验室,长沙410011

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第11期2079-2099,共21页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:82330025)资助。

摘　　要：生命的维持和延续依赖于两大基本活动:能量获取与感染防御.为了应对环境变化带来的生存压力,生物体不得不通过多样化的生活方式来实现最佳资源分配.这些生命活动和最佳资源分配策略依靠代谢和免疫系统的协同作用,二者之间维系着一种精妙的平衡.这种平衡不仅保障了生物体对外界感染的有效防御,同时确保了能量转化的高效率,确保生命体健康状态.然而,长期的营养失衡或持续性炎症状态可能会破坏这种平衡,成为多种代谢性及自身免疫性疾病的病理基础.因此,深入理解免疫与代谢之间的相互作用对于阐释和治疗这些疾病具有极其重要的意义.本综述梳理了免疫系统与代谢系统之间网状交织和取舍权衡的复杂关系,讨论了免疫细胞如何通过代谢途径调节其功能,以及代谢状态如何影响免疫应答.此外,本综述探讨了肠道微生物群对免疫和代谢平衡的影响,阐明通过肠道微生物群通过形成肠道菌群-代谢能量-免疫炎症轴从而调控机体的健康稳态.最后,我们概述了针对免疫与代谢平衡干预的研究现状和未来展望,为预防和治疗代谢疾病和自身免疫性疾病提供新视角.The sustenance of life fundamentally hinges on two essential activities:energy acquisition and defense against infections.To cope with the survival pressure caused by environmental changes,organisms have to achieve optimal resource allocation through lifestyle diversity.These life activities and optimal resource allocation strategies rely on the synergy of metabolism and the immune system,which maintain an exquisite balance.The homeostasis between immunity and metabolism not only ensures an effective barrier against external pathogens but also secures the high-efficiency conversion of energy,pivotal for maintaining healthy.However,this delicate balance can be compromised by prolonged nutritional imbalances or sustained inflammatory states,serving as the pathological foundation for a spectrum of metabolic and autoimmune diseases.Thus,unraveling the complex interactions between immunity and metabolism is paramount for the elucidation and therapeutic management of these diseases.This review navigates through the intricate interactions and trade-offs between the immune and metabolic systems,discussing how immune cells regulate their functions through metabolic pathways and the impact of metabolic states on immune responses.Furthermore,it examines the role of the gut microbiota in influencing the immune-metabolic equilibrium,delineating how the gut microbiome orchestrates the body’s health homeostasis through the gut flora-metabolic energy-immune inflammation axis.In conclusion,we provide an overview of current research and future directions in interventions targeting the immune-metabolic balance,offering new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases and autoimmune disorders.

关 键 词：代谢调控 免疫调控 肠道菌群 取舍权衡 炎症 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]