西周成周以东“周道”线路研究  

Study of“Zhou Road”Routes to the East of Chengzhou during the Western Zhou

作　　者：刘逸鑫 Liu Yixin

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,武汉市430072

出　　处：《考古》2024年第10期84-99,F0002,共17页Archaeology

摘　　要：“周道”是西周国家的“国道”,上承晚商马车道路,下启东周诸侯国道路及秦驰道。基于对西周成周以东已知遗址点的分类,结合地形、地貌及车马类遗存,分析其线路走向。共考订出至少四条保持有效传输运作的线路,其所承载的马车交通框定了成周以东条带状聚落群聚形态,是塑造西周东土政治地理格局的根本要素。The"Zhou Road"was the national road system of the Western Zhou,serving as a"highway"for cross-regional and long-distance transmission of material culture.It inherited the horse-drawn chariot roads of the late Shang period and prefigured the road networks of the Eastern Zhou vassal states and Qin Dynasty expressways.This makes the"Zhou Road"particularly important for exploring the significance of road engineering in the course of civilizational development.Research methods for studying the routes of the"Zhou Road"involve classifying known sites east of Chengzhou in the Western Zhou period,combined with analysis of terrain,geomorphology,and horse chariot-related remains to examine route directions.At least four effectively functioning routes have been identified:the"Chengzhou-Wei-Xing-Yan Road"along the southeastern foothills of the Taihang Mountains,the"Chengzhou-Wei-Qi-Lai Road"along the northern foothills of the Taiyi Mountains,the Chengzhou-Wei-Lu-Teng Road"along the southern foothills of the Taiyi Mountains,and the"Chengzhou-Zheng-Ying-Huaiyi Road."The"Zhou Road"was a foundational infrastructure project for the Zhou royal family,allowing them to govern the vast eastern territories.The horse-drawn chariot traffic it supported delineated a strip-like regional cluster pattern for various settlements between"point"and"area"in the regions east of Chengzhou during the Western Zhou period.This road network was a fundamental element in shaping political and geographical patterns in the eastern territories of the Western Zhou.

关 键 词：周道 车马类遗存 马车交通 道路工程 西周东土 

分 类 号：K878.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K224[历史地理—历史学]