高碳酸盐碱度胁迫对罗氏沼虾生长和肠道健康的影响  

Effects of carbonate alkalinity on growth and intestinal health of Macrobrachium rosenbergii

作　　者：陈璐茜 金怡婷 伍宜杰 孙盛明 CHEN Luxi;JIN Yiting;WU Yijie;SUN Shengming(College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2024年第8期926-939,共14页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目战略性科技创新合作专项(2023YFE0205100);上海市教委东方学者特聘教授项目(TP2022078);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022ZDYF0569);上海市科技创新行动计划项目(23XD1421600,22015820700)。

摘　　要：为深入探究碳酸盐碱度胁迫对罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachiumrosenbergii)生长繁殖和肠道健康的影响,以(2.85±0.12)g罗氏沼虾幼虾为研究对象,首先进行碳酸盐碱度急性胁迫实验,得出96h半致死浓度(LC_(50)),在此基础上设置1.5(对照组)、3、6和9mmol/L4个碳酸盐碱度处理组,分别命名为C1、C3、C6和C9组,进行为期56 d的碳酸盐碱度慢性胁迫实验。结果显示,罗氏沼虾幼虾碳酸盐碱度96 h LC_(50)值为17.955 mmol/L,安全浓度为5.118 mmol/L。各实验组间幼虾成活率、增重率、特定生长率随碳酸盐浓度的升高而降低,均在C9组显著低于其他实验组(P<0.05);但是C9组饲料系数显著高于其他3个实验组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,C3组碳酸盐碱度对成虾的抱卵率和孵化率影响不显著(P>0.05),但C6与C9组繁殖能力则被显著抑制(P<0.05)。透射电镜检测结果表明,罗氏沼虾幼虾肠道微绒毛结构脱落程度随碳酸盐碱度胁迫程度的升高而加剧,且在C9组中损伤最大。围食膜形态观察结果表明,实验组罗氏沼虾幼虾肠道围食膜结构随碳酸盐碱度胁迫程度的升高而发生破损,扫描电镜可观察到高碳酸盐碱胁迫下的C9组罗氏沼虾围食膜孔隙增大。通过对罗氏沼虾幼虾肠道菌群Alpha多样性分析表明,各组间肠道样品多样性指数差异均不显著(P>0.05)。在门水平上,各组样品中幼虾肠道的优势菌构成多以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、浮霉菌门(Plantomycetes)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为主。在高碳酸盐碱度胁迫下,C9组罗氏沼虾肠道内部分致病菌[如黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)]丰度明显高于对照组。研究结果提示,罗氏沼虾幼虾具有一定的碳酸盐碱度耐受性,但高碳酸盐碱度慢性胁迫会导致罗氏沼虾幼虾的生长性能、抱卵率和孵化率受到显著抑制,造成其肠道结构受损和�A large area of China is covered by saline-alkali water with high salinity,high pH,and ion ratio imbalance.Macrobrachium rosenbergii is an economically important aquaculture species worldwide due to its rapid growth and low demand for animal feed.Considering the fact that the M.rosenbergii has wide adaptability to salinity and high resistance to alkalinity stresses,an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of carbonate alkalinity stress on the growth,reproduction,and intestinal health of M.rosenbergii to effectively utilize the abandoned saline-alkali water in China and establish a model of inland saline-alkali water cultured M.rosenbergii.Juvenile M.rosenbergii[(2.85±0.12)g]were subjected to an acute carbonate alkalinity stress experiment to determine the 96-hour lethal concentration(LC_(50)).Based on this,four carbonate alkalinity concentrations,i.e.,1.5(control group),3,6,and 9 mmol/L,designated as control C1,C3,C6,and C9,respectively,were used to culture triplicate groups for 56 d.The results showed that the 96-hour LC_(50)value for juvenile M.rosenbergii under carbonate alkalinity stress was 17.955 mmol/L,with a safe concentration of 5.118 mmol/L.The survival,weight gain,and specific growth rates of juveniles decreased with increasing alkalinity concentrations,with significant reductions observed in the C9 group compared with the other experimental groups(P<0.05).The feed conversion ratio in the C9 group was significantly higher than that in the other experimental groups(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,carbonate alkalinity in the C6 and C9 groups significantly inhibited the spawning and egg incubation rates of adult prawns(P<0.05).Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the structural integrity of the intestinal microvilli in juvenile prawns deteriorated with increasing carbonate alkalinity stress,with the most severe damage observed in the C9 group.Furthermore,the present study found that the intestinal peritrophic membrane structure of juvenile prawns was damaged by a higher co

关 键 词：罗氏沼虾 碳酸盐碱度 生长 围食膜 肠道菌群 盐碱水 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]