凡纳滨对虾盐碱水养殖池塘浮游细菌群落变化特征  

Dynamic changes of bacterioplankton communities in Litopenaeus vannamei farming pond using saline-alkaline water

作　　者：余鑫瑞 吴桃 王浩 闫海明 韩剑钧 管卫兵[1,4] YU Xinrui;WU Tao;WANG Hao;YAN Haiming;HAN Jianjun;GUAN Weibing(College of Oceanography and Ecological Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 200120,China;Ordos Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau,Ordos 017000,China;Dalate Banner Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Products Development and Protection Center,Ordos 014300,China;Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 200120,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海200120 [2]鄂尔多斯市农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 [3]达拉特旗畜牧水产发展保护中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯014300 [4]农业农村部稻渔综合种养生态重点实验室,上海200120

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2024年第8期940-953,共14页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区科技重点研发计划项目(2020BBF02009);鄂尔多斯市科技计划项目(2022YY025)。

摘　　要：为探讨盐碱水凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖系统中浮游细菌的群落变化特征,基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术,解析了内蒙古河套地区凡纳滨对虾盐碱水养殖池塘中浮游细菌群落的全过程动态变化。结果显示,在整个养殖过程中,主要优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(33.82%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(25.82%)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)(17.36%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)(17.36%)。主要优势属包括微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)、嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)和Cyanobium_PCC-6307。微小杆菌属在前中期(0~30d)的样品中富集较多(19.57%~55.17%),而中后期(40~60 d)的样品中富集较少(13.32%~24.84%);嗜冷杆菌属在0、10和40 d的样品中富集较少(0.07%~0.53%),在随后的50 d样品中相对丰度上升至49.21%。Cyanobium_PCC-6307在40 d样品中出现了相对丰度的大幅上升(42.92%),在其余样品中波动较小(3.87%~13.12%);游动球菌属在放苗前的水体中丰度最高(9.68%),在之后的养殖阶段中降低;马赛菌属(8.09%)和金黄杆菌属(6.36%)仅在30 d样品中特异性富集。在0、10、20、30、40、50和60d的样品中形成了各自独特的浮游细菌群落,水温、氮磷营养元素和pH驱动了浮游细菌群落演替。在致病菌相对丰度较低的情况下,蓝细菌可能是该地区盐碱水养殖的主要威胁,微小杆菌属和嗜冷杆菌属可视为当地水源和池塘中的主要益生菌,能够抑制蓝细菌大量繁殖,维持水体环境的健康。The use of saline-alkaline water for aquaculture has become a notable method for the comprehensive utilization of water and land resources in saline-alkaline soil.Litopenaeus vannamei is an important species in saline-alkaline aquaculture.The microbial community in water plays an important role in aquaculture processes.However,the dynamic changes of bacterioplankton throughout the entire process in shrimp farming ponds in saline-alkaline soil should be investigated to reveal the microbiota characteristics.In the present study,16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology and Illumina MiSeq sequencing platforms were used to analyze the bacterioplankton in the water samples from saline-alkaline L.vannamei aquaculture ponds in the Hetao Plain of Inner Mongolia.Forty-three phyla and 1004 bacterial genera were detected in samples collected at seven time points.Firmicutes(33.82%),Proteobacteria(25.82%),Cyanobacteria(17.36%),and Actinobacteria(17.36%)were the phyla with more than 10%abundance and they showed significant differences between different samples.At the genus level,the dominant genera were Exiguobacterium,Psychrobacter,and Cyanobium_PCC-6307 and their abundance were significantly different among all groups.Exiguobacterium were enriched during the early and middle stage(0–30 d,19.57%–55.17%),with less relative abundance during the later stage(40–60 d,13.32%–24.84%).Psychrobacter was less abundant on Day 0,Day 10,and Day 40(0.07%–0.53%);however,its relative abundance increased notably on Day 50(49.21%).Cyanobium_PCC-6307 showed an increase in abundance on Day 40,with small fluctuations in the remaining samples(3.87%–13.12%).Planococcus had the highest relative abundance in the water before the release of shrimp(9.68%)and decreased during the later culture stage.Massilia and Chryseobacterium were specifically enriched only on Day 30.Cyanobacteria could be considered as the major threat in inland saline-alkaline water aquaculture,with a low abundance of Vibrio.Exiguobacterium and Psychrobacter can be

关 键 词：内陆盐碱地水产养殖 盐碱水 凡纳滨对虾 浮游细菌 高通量测序 内蒙古河套地区 

分 类 号：S966[农业科学—水产养殖]