露天矿排土场不同植被恢复时间对林下植物群落及土壤性状影响  

Effects of Different Vegetation Restoration Time on Understorey Plant Community and Soil Properties in Open-Pit Mine Dump

作　　者：焦晓亮 李明超 毕银丽 田野[4] JIAO Xiaoliang;LI Mingchao;BI Yinli;TIAN Ye(Shenhua Group Zhungeer Energy Co.,Ltd.,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 010300,China;Institute of Ecological Environment Restoration in Mine Areas of West China,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710054,China;College of Geology and Environment,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710054,China;State Key Laboratory for Coal resources and Safe Mining,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]神华准格尔能源有限责任公司,内蒙古鄂尔多斯市010300 [2]西安科技大学西部矿山生态环境修复研究院,陕西西安710054 [3]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [4]中国矿业大学(北京)煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2024年第11期172-183,共12页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51974326);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1303303);黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究(第一期)项目(2022-YRUC-01-0304)。

摘　　要：露天矿排土场人工植被恢复对林下植物群落及土壤性状的影响关系我国生态建设效果。以黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场为研究区,在室内分析的基础上,应用克里格空间插值方法及综合指数法,深入研究了矿区排土场不同复垦措施下样地的林下植物群落与土壤性质状况。研究结果表明:(1)杨树+油松(2009年)样地的植被多样性最优,而山杏样地对土壤质量的改善效果更优,2002年种植的山杏样地的土壤酶活性最高,1998年种植的山杏样地土壤养分(有机质、速效磷、速效钾)恢复效果最好;(2)受植被类型、复垦时间、地形地势、土坡不同性质相互作用及人类活动等因素的影响,排土场林下植被指数与土壤性质指标的分布格局表现出复杂的空间异质性。研究结果从土壤改良角度为矿区构建最优植被重建模式提供了一定参考。The impact of artificial vegetation restoration on understory plant community and soil properties in open-pit mine dump is related to the effect of ecological construction in China.Taking Heidaigou open-pit coal mine dump as the research area,on the basis of indoor analysis,using Kriging spatial interpolation method and comprehensive index method,the understory plant community and soil properties of the sample plots under different reclamation measures in the mine dump were studied in depth.The results are showed as follows.Firstly,the vegetation diversity of the poplar and pine(2009)plot is optimal,while the apricot plot has a better effect on improving soil quality.The soil enzyme activity of the apricot plot planted in 2002is the highest,and the soil nutrient(organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium)recovery effect of the apricot plot planted in 1998is the best.Secondly,due to the influence of vegetation type,reclamation time,topography,interaction of different soil properties and human activities,the distribution pattern of understory vegetation index and soil property index in dump shows complex spatial heterogeneity.The research results provide a reference for the construction of the optimal vegetation reconstruction model in the mining area from the perspective of soil improvement.

关 键 词：矿区排土场 土地复垦 植物群落 土壤性状 植被恢复时间 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]