生态公平视域下额尔齐斯河流域生态补偿标准及空间选择  

A Study on the Standards and Spatial Selection of Ecological Compensation in the Irtysh River Basin from the Perspective of Ecological Equity

作　　者：罗万云 周杨 王小娟 LUO Wanyun;ZHOU Yang;WANG Xiaojuan(School of Economics and Management,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;Center for Innovation Management Research of Xinjiang,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;China Center for Agricultural Policy,School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学经济与管理学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆大学创新管理研究中心,乌鲁木齐830046 [3]北京大学现代农学院中国农业政策研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第21期9751-9766,共16页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：新疆自治区自然科学基金(2021D01C107);科技部重大科技项目暨第三次新疆综合科学考察课题“吐哈盆地国家能源基地建设调查与碳减排潜力评估”(SQ2021xjkk01800⁃5);2023年新疆大学哲学社会科学校内培育项目(23FPY002)。

摘　　要：如何在生态公平视域下厘清流域生态补偿的权责关系,确定乡镇尺度的生态补偿标准与空间,对于打破流域补偿资金分摊困境,推进生态补偿工作具有重要意义。论文基于生态服务价值构建额尔齐斯河流域生态补偿标准测算框架,运用最小二乘虚拟变量模型确定流域补偿标准,采用补偿优先级判别方法对流域补偿空间选择问题进行分析。结果表明:①2000—2020年额尔齐斯河流域土地利用转换呈现“林转草、草转其他”特征,尤其2000—2010年林地、草地净转出规模达到2088.34km^(2)(占比为7.16%)、5916.94km^(2)(占比为12.21%)。②2000—2020年额尔齐斯河流域受偿总金额与补偿总金额存在两阶段趋势,相应的金额在2010年之后趋于稳定,2020年受偿强度相比2000年下降了56.06%,补偿强度下降了23.72%。③额尔齐斯河流域生态补偿空间分区具有显著“北受-南补”特征,2020年,额尔齐斯河流域优先受偿资金规模为14.53亿元,优先补偿资金规模为19.23亿元,相对应的面积分别达到1665km^(2)和720km^(2)。论文提供的流域生态补偿方案对乡镇单元展开多元化的生态补偿工作具有科学参考价值,相关部门可以据此提高生态转移支付的精准性,制定出多方认可的生态补偿方案。As an important geographical unit for the development of the national economy and society,how to properly address the issue of“tragedy of the commons”within the watershed has always been a major challenge faced by policy makers and academic researchers.How to clarify the rights and responsibilities of ecological compensation in river basins from the perspective of ecological equity and determine the ecological compensation standards and spaces at the township level,is of great significance for breaking the dilemma of sharing compensation funds in river basins and promoting comprehensive ecological compensation.This paper constructs a framework for calculating ecological compensation standards in the Irtysh River Basin based on the value of ecological services.The Least Squares Dummy Variables Regression(LSDV)model is used to determine the compensation standards for the basin,and the compensation priority discrimination method is used to analyze the problem of spatial selection for basin compensation.The results show that:①From 2000 to 2020,the land use conversion in the Irtysh River Basin showed a characteristic of forest to grass,grass to other,especially from 2000 to 2010,the net transfer scale of forest land reached 2088.34 km^(2),accounting for 7.16%of the total area.The net transfer scale of grassland reached 5916.94 km^(2),accounting for 12.21%of the total area.②There is a significant two-stage trend between the total compensation amount and the total payment amount in the Irtysh River Basin from 2000 to 2020.The corresponding amount tende to stabilize after 2010,and the compensation intensity in 2020 decreased by 56.06%compared to 2000,while the payment intensity decreased by 23.72%.③The ecological compensation spatial zoning in the Irtysh River Basin had a significant north compensation-south payment feature.In 2020,the scale of priority compensation funds in the Irtysh River Basin was 1.453 billion yuan,and the scale of priority payment funds was 1.923 billion yuan.The areas of priority compens

关 键 词：生态系统服务价值 生态公平 流域生态补偿 空间选择 额尔齐斯河流域 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]