青海祁连山地区兽类物种多样性及其分布型  

Diversity and distribution pattern analysis of mammalian species in the Qilian Mountains of Qinghai Province

作　　者：高红梅 顾海峰 李斌 江峰 张婧捷 宋鹏飞 梁程博 蔡振媛[1,3] 张萌 张同作 GAO Hongmei;GU Haifeng;LI Bin;JIANG Feng;ZHANG Jingjie;SONG Pengfei;LIANG Chengbo;CAI Zhenyuan;ZHANG Meng;ZHANG Tongzuo(Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Xining 810001,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics,Xining 810001,China;Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,西宁810001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]青海省动物生态基因组学重点实验室,西宁810001 [4]青海大学,西宁810016

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第21期9974-9988,共15页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0501)。

摘　　要：祁连山地区是我国典型的生态系统脆弱区和重要的生态屏障区,区域内物种资源丰富,珍稀和濒危野生动植物种类和数量繁多,是青藏高原重要的生物资源基因库之一,在我国生物多样性保护中具有重要的意义。为了掌握青海祁连山地区野生兽类的分布现状,使用样线法和样点法完成了野外调查。自2019年1月至2023年6月,在青海祁连山地区开展野外考察21次,累计完成调查样线490条,调查样点99个,总行驶航迹约25426 km。实地调查结合文献资料结果显示,该地区共分布有野生兽类7目19科54属75种。国家I级重点保护动物11种,国家II级重点保护动物17种,IUCN评估结果显示,该地区受威胁物种有15种(濒危3种;近危5种;易危7种),占该地区兽类总种数的20%;中国生物多样性红色名录结果显示,该地区受威胁物种有40种(极危2种;濒危12种;近危16种;易危10种),占该地区兽类总种数的53.33%;被列入CITES附录I的兽类有7种,被列入附录II的兽类有9种,被列入附录III的兽类有5种;中国特有种兽类16种。该地区兽类分布型主要为高地型(24%)、中亚型(20%)和古北型(18.67%)。兽类G-F指数为0.724,物种多样性指数处于较高的水平。物种名录的建立为青海祁连山地区兽类物种现状研究提供了科学且全面的数据,对加快祁连山珍稀濒危野生动物的保护具有重要意义,也为以后该地区的生态及野生动物保护、管理决策提供科学依据。The Qilian Mountains is a typical fragile ecosystem area,and it is also an important ecological barrier area in China.This region is rich in species resources,with a wide variety of rare and endangered wildlife.It is one of the important biological resource gene banks in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and has important significance in biodiversity conservation in China.In order to understand the distribution of wild mammals in the Qilian Mountains of Qinghai Province,we used the line transect method and sample point method for field investigations.From January 2019 to June 2023,we conducted 21 times field investigations in this region.A total of 490 survey lines and 99 sample points have been completed,with a total travel path of approximately 25426 km.According to the field investigations results and literature records,there are a total of 75 wild mammal species in Qilian Mountains of Qinghai Province,belonging to 7 orders,19 families,54 genera.Among these species,the highest number is found in Rodentia,followed by Carnivora and Cetartiodactyla.There are 11 species belong to national level I key protected wild mammals and 17 species belong to national level II key protected wild mammals.According to the IUCN,there are 15 threatened species(EN 3 species;NT 5 species;VU 7 species),accounting for 20%of total mammal′s species.According to the China′s Red List of Biodiversity,there are 40 threatened species(CR,2 species;EN,12 species;NT,16 species;VU,10 species),accounting for 53.33%of the total species of local mammals.According to CITES,there are 7 species of mammals listed in Appendix I,9 species listed in Appendix II and 5 species listed in Appendix III.There are 16 mammal species endemic to China,accounting for 21.33%of total mammals species.The distribution types of mammals in the Qilian Mountains of Qinghai Province are mainly highland type(24%),central Asian type(20%),and Palearctic(18.67%).The G-F index is 0.724,indicating that the Qilian Mountains of Qinghai Province has a high level of species diversity,wit

关 键 词：祁连山 兽类 物种多样性 物种编目 分布型 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]