美国消防员教育培训体系对我国的启示  

Inspirations of firefighters'training system in the United States on China

作　　者：唐文俐[1] Tang Wenli(School of Foreign Languages,Gannan Normal University,Jiangxi Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]赣南师范大学外国语学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2024年第11期1610-1614,共5页Fire Science and Technology

摘　　要：改制转隶后,我国消防救援队伍职能大幅拓展,瞄准“全灾种、大应急”的使命任务,努力在新挑战中取得新进展、实现突破。针对原有教育培训体系无法完全适应职能拓展后的培训需求问题,本文介绍了美国消防员教育培训体系的情况,包括美国消防员的招录与选拔、培训与上岗、教育培训内容与方法等方面。指出我国消防员教育培训体系存在资源分布不均、培训内容不足、缺乏实战反馈机制等问题。基于对美国消防教育培训体系的研究,提出应建立和优化我国的消防教育培训体系、强化公共消防教育和文化建设、完善消防法律法规体系、注重实践性和应用性、注重与国际交流。借鉴美国先进经验,对提升我国消防员专业素质和应对突发事件能力具有重要意义。With the restructuring and transfer of China's fire and rescue forces,their functions have been significantly expanded,focusing on the mission of“all types of disasters and major emergencies”and striving to achieve significant progress and breakthroughs in the new environment.However,the current education and training system is not fully able to meet the new demands brought by this transformation.In view of this,this article delves into the education and training system for fire personnel in the United States,detailing the recruitment and selection process,the training and induction procedures,as well as the specific training content and methods.Then it highlights problems within China's firefighting training system,including uneven distribution of training resources,insufficient training content,and a lack of practical feedback mechanisms.Drawing upon in-depth research into the US system,the article proposes strategies for optimizing China's firefighting training framework,such as the establishment of a comprehensive firefighting educational and training system,the enhancement of public firefighting education and cultural development,the improvement of the firefighting legal and regulatory framework,and a focus on practice,appliance and international communication.Borrowing advanced practices from the US firefighting training system holds significant importance for enhancing the professional quality of China's firefighters and their ability to respond to emergencies.

关 键 词：美国消防教育 消防教育培训体系 消防员选拔 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]