使真者最大化主义的理论困境及出路——基于逻辑原子主义哲学的视角  

The Dilemma of Truthmaker Maximism and Its Solution: From the Perspective of the Philosophy of Logical Atomism

作　　者：田静[1] 胡中俊 TIAN Jing;HU Zhong-jun(School of Marxism,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023;School of Marxism,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学马克思主义学院,南京210023 [2]南京理工大学马克思主义学院,南京210094

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第10期46-51,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“当代分析形而上学中的事实世界研究”(20BZX031)。

摘　　要：在使真者理论中,是否每个真理都具有使真者一直是哲学家们论争的焦点问题之一。使真者最大化主义是对这个问题的一个重要回应,其主张每个真理都具有使真者。支持这一立场的哲学家对其采取的辩护策略有两个:一是解释各类真理的使真者为何物;二是对使真者最大化主义进行逻辑证明。然而,这两个策略都面临一些理论困难,前者的本体负载太重,而后者的证明前提具有高度的特设性。实际上,还可以从构建这一进路对使真者最大化主义进行辩护。基于逻辑原子主义哲学而提出“罗素式”的使真者理论就是这样的一个尝试,它应用了组合式的分析方法,引入了使假者的概念,它对真理的说明更符合我们的实际认知。In truthmaker theory, whether every truth has a truthmaker has always been a focus of debate among philosophers. Truthmaker maximism claims that every truth has a truthmaker. Philosophers who support this position have two defense strategies: one is to supply truthmakers for various truths;The second is to provide a logical proof of truthmaker maximism. However, they all face some theoretical difficulties, as the ontology load of the former is too heavy, while the proof premise of the latter is highly ad hoc. In fact, the approach of construction can also be used to defend truthmaker maximism. The Russellian truthmaker theory based on the philosophy of logical atomism is such an attempt, which applies a combinatorial analysis method and introduces the concept of the falsemaker. Its explanation of truth is more in line with our actual cognition.

关 键 词：使真者 使真者最大化主义 否定真理 模态真理 菲奇悖论 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]