基于力移除的缺失性因果关系  

Causation by Omission as Based on Force Removal

作　　者：刘婧[1] LIU Jing(Department of Philosophy,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学哲学系,西安710049

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第10期58-63,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“因果构式力动态实证研究”(20XYY001)。

摘　　要：在形而上学层面,“缺失”导致的因果性问题尚未得到系统的解释。因果关系的依存论和过程论在这一问题的阐释上也存在诸多不足。沃尔夫等人提出了力理论,认为缺失性因果关系等同于力的移除,常表现为双重阻止。该理论强调因果链中的关系组合,可以运用微积分进行推算,并通过三段论式的自由体图展示因果链最终表现的因果关系。力理论发展了过程论对因果关系的解释,解决了困扰哲学家的部分难题:缺失如何导致事件的产生;缺失如何实现力的传递;哪些缺失可被归属于原因。因此,力动态可以作为基础的因果语义框架,对缺失性因果关系及相关概念进行较为系统的解释。At a metaphysical level, the problem of causation by omissions has not been systematically explained. Both dependency and process theories of causality face several shortcomings in addressing this issue. Wolff and others have proposed a force theory, which argues that causation by omission is equivalent to the removal of a force, providing an explanation beyond the concept of double prevention. This theory emphasizes the combination of relationships within a causal chain, which can be represented using integral calculus, and utilizes a free-body diagram to illustrate these relationships. The force theory advances the process-theoretic explanation of causation by resolving some puzzles that have long troubled philosophers: how omissions can lead to the occurrence of events, how omissions enable the transmission of force, and what omissions can be attributed as causes. Thus, force dynamics can serve as a foundational causal semantic framework, offering a more systematic explanation of causation by omissions and related concepts.

关 键 词：缺失性因果关系 依存论 过程论 力理论 因果链 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]