超越技术哲学“转向”的困境何以可能——回到马克思的《工艺学笔记》  

How it is Possible to Transcend the Dilemma of the “Turns” in Philosophy of Technology: Return to Marx’s Notes on Technology

作　　者：陈敏 CHEN Min(College of Marxism/Science,Technology and Social Development Research Center,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学马克思主义学院/科技与社会发展研究中心,长沙410081

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第10期64-71,共8页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代新兴增强技术前沿的人文主义哲学研究”(20&ZD044);湖南省自然科学基金面上项目“新兴人类增强技术的伦理问题及治理对策研究”(2024JJ5278)。

摘　　要：超越或整合技术哲学各种“转向”的可能路径或许应回到马克思。21世纪技术哲学陷入了“经验转向”与“伦理转向”的两难之中,克服这种两难的思想关键在于超越事实判断与价值判断的哲学重建。马克思在《工艺学笔记》与相关著述中所阐发的技术思想完美地将工程传统与批判传统融于一体,因而有助于克制规范性与经验性的割裂、工具理性与价值理性的对立、工程传统与人文传统的分化。以马克思《工艺学笔记》等文献为根基,力图展示开发其人机一体的社会历史批判性反思,规范性、理想性与经验性、科学性的有机统一,这是其高于工程学、人文主义技术哲学的伟大之处。由此可见,超越当代技术哲学面临的新困境,需要回到马克思。To transcend or integrate the various “turns” in the philosophy of technology, it might be necessary to return to Marx. The philosophy of technology in the 21st century has fallen into a dilemma between an “empirical turn” and an “ethical turn”, and the key to overcoming this dilemma lies in the philosophical reconstruction that transcends both factual judgments and value judgments. Marx's technical thoughts, articulated in the “Notes on Technology” and related writings, perfectly integrate the engineering tradition with the critical tradition, thus helping to curb the separation of normativity and empiricism, the opposition between instrumental rationality and value rationality, and the division between engineering traditions and the humanities. Based on Marx's “Notes on Technology”, this paper attempts to demonstrate the development of his critique of socio-historical reflection on the integration of humans and machines, the organic unity of normativity, ideality, empiricism, and scientificity, which is where his greatness lies beyond engineering and humanistic technology philosophy. Hence, to transcend the new predicaments faced by contemporary philosophy of technology, we need to return to Marx.

关 键 词：马克思 “转向” 《工艺学笔记》 技术哲学 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]