论环境单元:环境法学的一个基本范畴  

On the Environmental Unit:A Basic Category of Environmental Law

作　　者：徐祥民[1] Xu Xiangmin

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学

出　　处：《法学》2024年第11期153-173,共21页Law Science

基　　金：中国法学会部级法学研究重大委托课题“习近平法治思想中关于生态环境法治的重要论述”[批准号:CLS(2020)ZDAWT11]的研究成果。

摘　　要：环境单元来自对人类环境空间结构的发现,是人类为实现生存繁衍必须依赖也有能力对其造成不利影响的由水文、地质等地理连续性,风、气等自然力,生物习性,其他气候、气象、地理、地质因素等规定的自然整体。人类环境发生的损害都是环境单元在满足人类需要方面的能力丧失或降低的损害,因此,环境保护应当以环境单元为保护对象,以环境单元满足人类需要的能力为保护客体。环境单元不同于法学的其他认识对象,它是自然整体,具有与市场无涉、无常规领有人等特点。确立环境单元基本范畴的地位,可以进一步明确环境损害在环境法学范畴体系中的核心地位,加强环境法学范畴体系的系统性。基于此,用于防治表现为环境单元服务能力丧失或降低的环境损害的环境保护法,应当放弃自然细节防护主义的设计路线,转而采用整体主义的设计路线。The environmental unit originates from the spatial structure of the human environment. It is a natural entity, including hydrology, geology, natural forces such as wind and air, biological habits, and other climatic, meteorological, geographical, and geological factors, which humans rely on for survival and reproduction and have the ability to adversely affect. It includes four types: resource-supplying, ecological, natural geographical stability, and accommodating. Damage to the human environment occurs when the ability of the environmental unit to satisfy human needs is lost or reduced. Therefore, environmental protection should take the environmental unit as the protection object and the ability of the environmental unit to satisfy human needs as the protection target. The environmental unit differs from other objects of legal cognition;it is a natural whole with characteristics such as no involvement in the market and no conventional ownership. The establishment of the basic category status of the environmental unit consolidates the core position of environmental damage in the system of environmental law and strengthens the systematic nature of the system of environmental law. Environmental protection laws aimed at preventing and controlling environmental damage that manifests as the loss or reduction of the service capacity of environmental units should abandon the design route of “natural detail protectionism” and adopt the route of holistic design.

关 键 词：环境单元 人类环境 环境损害 环境服务功能 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]