中国劳动收入占比的省际差异及其成因  

Inter Provincial Differences in the Proportion of Labor Income in China

作　　者：刘长庚[1,2] 刘林志 LIU Changgeng;LIU Linzhi(Business School,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,Hunan,China;School of Economics,Hunan University of Finance and Economics,Changsha 410205,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学商学院,湖南湘潭411105 [2]湖南财政经济学院经济学院,湖南长沙410205

出　　处：《经济地理》2024年第10期12-23,共12页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDA021);湖南省社会科学基金重大委托项目(22WTA05)。

摘　　要：文章重新调整了劳动收入占比中分子分母的计算口径,对1978—2017年我国各省份劳动收入占比进行测算,使用标准化供给面系统方法测算出各省份技术进步偏向各项参数,对各省份劳动收入占比进行趋势分析;采用Dagum基尼系数描绘了我国劳动收入占比省际差异的演化格局,并对其来源进行了分解分析;利用空间计量方法分析了要素收入空间分配格局形成的原因。研究发现:(1)劳动收入占比整体呈现“西部>中部>东部”的空间分配格局,经济愈发达的地区劳动收入占比愈低,折旧、生产税净额占GDP比重的空间分配格局与之相反,混合收入占GDP比重的空间分配格局与之相同。(2)各省份劳动收入占比总体均值的变化趋势呈倒“U”型,所有省份中北京和上海上升趋势最为明显,西藏下降趋势最为明显。大部分省份技术进步偏向于资本,这是导致其劳动收入占比显著下降的重要原因。(3)劳动收入占比省际差异的基尼系数仍然较大,从地区内部差距来看,东部地区的内部差距最大,并且呈显著下降趋势。从区域间的基尼系数来看,东—中、东—西之间的差距较为明显,中—西之间的差距相对较小。(4)空间计量分析发现,产业结构对劳动收入占比存在负向空间溢出效应。This article re-adjusts the calculation formula for the labor income share,estimates the labor income share of China's provincial-level regions from 1978 to 2017,calculates the bias parameters of technological progress in each provincial-level regions using a standardized supply-side system approach,and conducts a trend analysis of the labor income share across provincial-level regions.It uses the Dagum Gini coefficient to depict the evolution pattern of inter-provincial differences in China's labor income share,and analyzes its sources.Based on the spatial econometric method,it explores the reasons behind the formation of the spatial distribution pattern of factor income.It's found that:1)The overall spatial distribution pattern of labor income share exhibits a trend,which is the highest in the west of China,followed by central China and the east of China,the more developed region is,the lower the labor income share is.The spatial distribution patterns of depreciation and net production taxes in GDP are opposite to this trend,while the spatial distribution pattern of mixed income in GDP aligns with it.2)The overall average trend of labor income share of all provincial-level regions showed an inverted U-shape,with the most obvious upward trend in Beijing and Shanghai and the most obvious downward trend in Xizang.Technological progress is biased toward capital in most provincial-level regions,which is a crucial factor contributing to the notable decline in the labor income share.3)The Gini coefficient reflecting inter-provincial differences in labor income share remains relatively large.From the perspective of intra-regional disparities,the eastern region exhibits the largest internal gap,which is also showing a significant downward trend.In terms of inter-regional Gini coefficients,the disparities between the eastern and central regions,as well as between the eastern and western regions,are more pronounced,while the disparity between the central and western regions is relatively smaller.4)Spatial econometric anal

关 键 词：收入分配制度 劳动收入占比 省际差异 计算口径 标准化供给面系统方法 技术进步 产业结构 

分 类 号：F061.5[经济管理—政治经济学]