《学位法》学位撤销条款不确定法律概念的理解与适用  

The Understanding and Application of Uncertain Legal Concepts in the Degree Revocation Provisions of Academic Degree Law

作　　者：任海涛 刘扬 REN Haitao;LIU Yang(Law School,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学法学院,上海200241

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2024年第6期74-82,共9页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：2022年国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“我国教育法典编纂的框架体系研究”[BAA220169]。

摘　　要：学位撤销的本质是行政撤销行为。在“要件—效果”的法适用逻辑框架下,学位评定委员会有权对事实要件的法律适用进行行政认定,学位授予单位严格据其判断作出撤销学位的最终决定。《学位法》第37条明确规定了高校学位撤销的三种情形,授予了学位评定委员会对“学术不端”“非法手段”“其他严重违法行为”等不确定法律概念进行具体化的权力。准确的阐释是不确定法律概念恰当适用的前提。对第37条第1款的解释,应当秉持尊重高校学术自治权的态度;对第37条第2款、第3款的解释,应当遵循法律保留原则和比例原则。有必要构建恰当的司法审查模式,纠正学位评定委员会对不确定法律概念理解上的偏误。学位撤销的司法审查应当遵循从学术事由与非学术事由二分的路径。在司法审查强度上,法院对学术事由只能进行有限审查;对非学术事由虽然可以进行全面审查,但也应当保持谦抑。总而言之,对不确定法律概念的理解与适用应当注重实现学生权益、高校自治和司法公正三方面的利益平衡。The essence of degree revocation is administrative revocation.Within the logical framework of“requirements-effects”in the applicable process,the degree evaluation committee has the power to make administrative confirmation of the legal application of factual elements.The degree-granting institution decides to revoke a degree strictly based on the judgment of the degree evaluation committee.Article 37 of Academic Degree Law clearly stipulates three situations for revoking university degrees.The degree evaluation committee has been granted the power to interpret uncertain legal concepts,such as academic misconduct,illegal means,and other serious violations.Accurate interpretation is a prerequisite for the appropriate application of uncertain legal concepts.The interpretation of Article 37 subparagraph 1,should adhere to the attitude of respecting the academic autonomy of universities;The interpretation of Article 37,subparagraph 2 and subparagraph 3 shall follow the principles of legal reservation principle and proportionality principle.It is necessary to establish an appropriate judicial review model for the degree evaluation committee,to correct its erroneous judgments.The judicial review of degree revocation should be separated to academic and non-academic reasons.Regarding the intensity of judicial review,the judiciary can only conduct limited examinations of academic reasons.Although comprehensive examination can be conducted on non-academic reasons,the judiciary should also maintain the necessary humility.In summary,understanding and applying uncertain legal concepts should balance interests among student rights,university autonomy,and judicial fairness.

关 键 词：《学位法》 学位撤销 不确定法律概念 司法审查 学生权益 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]