从音系晦暗性的角度分析优选论的不足  

Defects of OT as a Theory of Phonological Opacity

作　　者：曹智峰 Cao Zhifeng(College of International Studies,Jiaxing University,Jiaxing,Zhejiang 314001)

机构地区：[1]嘉兴大学外国语学院,浙江嘉兴314001

出　　处：《嘉兴大学学报》2024年第6期112-121,共10页Journal of Jiaxing University

摘　　要：优选论在处理音系晦暗性问题上存在不足:标准优选论可以利用忠实性制约条件解释反馈给,但无法解释反阻断;输出-输出对应理论中,需要用到一个涉及“词基”的忠实性制约条件,但“词基”有时候很难确定;层级优选论可以解释很多晦暗性现象,但导致某些晦暗性现象产生的排序与层次的排序恰好相反;候选项链理论可以解释反馈给和反阻断,但无法解释某些不太常见的晦暗性现象(比如相互馈给),有时候甚至无法解释一些常见的音系现象;过程和关系理论可以解释反馈给和反阻断,也可以解释相互馈给和相互阻断,但过程的应用顺序却是外在的,影响了其“简明性”。鉴于此,提出一个解释音系晦暗性现象的新理论框架(层级过程和关系理论):将词汇音系学与过程和关系理论结合在一起,既可以解释反馈给,也可以解释反阻断;既不需要外在顺序,也不需要多次对制约条件进行等级排列。This paper explores the defects of OT as a theory of phonological opacity.Standard OT can deal with counterfeeding by deploying faithfulness constraints,but fails to tackle counterfeeding.Output-output correspondence needs special faithfulness constraints that require faithfulness to the base,but what can be the base remains an open question.Stratal OT accommodates a wealth of opaque interactions,but some between-stratum orderings provide counterexamples to this theory of opacity.OT-CC can tackle counterfeeding and counterbleeding,but is insufficient to account for uncommon opaque interactions such as mutual feeding,or even some common interactions.Processes and Relations(PRR)theory offers convincing explanations for not only counterfeeding and counterbleeding,but also mutual feeding and mutual bleeding,but it imposes an extrinsic ordering on processes,which undermines the simplicity of the theory.In view of the defects mentioned,a new theory,namely,stratal PRR,is proposed to explain phonological opacity.Integrating lexical phonology with PRR,the theory is capable of accounting for both counterfeeding and counterbleeding,and it does not require extrinsic ordering or different permutations of constraints.

关 键 词：音系晦暗性 输出-输出对应理论 层级优选论 候选项链理论 过程和关系理论 

分 类 号：H014[语言文字—语言学]