刑民交叉视域下职业打假行为的性质--基于消费者地位的分析  

The Nature of Professional Anti-Counterfeiting Behavior from the Criminal-Civilian Perspective:An Analysis Based on Consumer's Status

作　　者：王志祥 吴超莹 WANG Zhixiang;WU Chaoying

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《公安学研究》2024年第4期1-18,123,共19页Journal of Public Security Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“形式理性与实质理性的关系在刑法学中的展开研究”(21BFX009)。

摘　　要：职业打假行为涉及刑民交叉领域的问题。在职业打假案件中,对消费者地位的判断是影响案件定性的关键因素。惩罚性赔偿请求权应当以具有消费者地位为基础。判断买受人是否拥有消费者地位的依据是惩罚性赔偿请求权的来源是否符合规范保护目的,以及惩罚性赔偿请求权的行使是否具有良好的法律效果、社会效果。与判断买受人是否拥有消费者地位无关的指标是购买商品的数量、索赔次数以及索赔手段,有关的指标是买受人的主体人数和索赔数额。当买受人为多数人,且不属于家庭团体时,一般应当否定其消费者地位,行为人在实施索取高额赔偿的行为时具有非法占有目的,其行为可能构成敲诈勒索罪;当买受人为个人时,若其索赔数额超越法律规定的限度,行为人对超过限度部分的行为具有非法占有目的,也应当否定其消费者地位,其行为可能构成敲诈勒索罪。In the cases of professional anti-counterfeiting,the judgment of consumer's status is the key factor affecting the qualitative nature of them.The right of punitive compensation claim should be based on the existence of consumer's status.The basis for judging buyers'status of consumer is whether the source of punitive compensation claim right conforms to the purpose of normative protection and whether the exercise of punitive compensation claim right has legal and social effects.Irrelevant indicators are the number of purchased goods,the number and the means of claim,but relevant ones are the number of buyers and the amount of claim.No matter when buyers are the majority and do not belong to the family group,and actors have the purpose of illegal possession when they claim for high compensation,or when buyers are individuals,the amount of claim exceeds the limit prescribed by law,and actors have the purpose of illegal possession for the part exceeding the limit,their consumer's status should be denied in general and their behaviors may constitute the crime of extortion.

关 键 词：职业打假 消费者地位 消费合同 利益平衡 敲诈勒索罪 

分 类 号：D035.3[政治法律—政治学]