行踪轨迹侦查的治理模式转型与制度建构  

Transformation of Governance Model and Institutional Construction for Tracking and Trajectory Investigation

作　　者：王仲羊 WANG Zhongyang

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学刑事侦查学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《公安学研究》2024年第4期40-57,123,124,共20页Journal of Public Security Science

基　　金：四川省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地反恐怖主义研究中心课题“《反恐法》与《个人信息保护法》的规范衔接问题研究”(FK2024ZD03)。

摘　　要：行踪轨迹侦查充分发掘了行踪轨迹信息的办案价值,但仍然存在制度优化的空间。对此,存在混合型治理模式与层级型治理模式两种方案。前者以齐平统一、不加区分的方式治理行踪轨迹侦查,在治理阶段、治理程序和权利保障上呈现出概括性与依附性;而后者以层阶差异、比例区分的方式治理行踪轨迹侦查,正视信息收集与信息分析的阶段性差异,强调程序性质、启动、审批与保障的层次性,并以量化隐私权和比例原则为理论根据,对公民权利进行层级化保护。我国的相关规范呈现出混合型治理的特征,应向层级型治理的模式转型。在治理阶段方面,创设“数据分析”侦查措施,将规范调整的领域由单一的收集取证行为转为数据分析、挖掘等行为;在治理程序方面,建立数据分级调取机制,改造技术侦查的监控规范;在权利保障方面,需要在侦查程序中引入个人信息权及其具体权利。Tracking and trajectory investigation fully exploits the investigative value of location and movement information,yet there remains room for institutional optimization.In this regard,two potential solutions are proposed:the hybrid governance model and the hierarchical governance model.The former adopts a uniform and undifferentiated approach to managing tracking and trajectory investigation,exhibiting generality and dependency in terms of governance stages,procedures,and rights protection.In contrast,the latter employs a tiered and proportional approach,acknowledging the phased differences between information collection and analysis,emphasizing the hierarchical nature of procedural nature,initiation,approval,and safeguards.Grounded in the theories of quantified privacy rights and the principle of proportionality,it provides tiered protection for citizens'rights.China's relevant regulations currently exhibit characteristics of hybrid governance and should transition towards a hierarchical governance model.In terms of governance stages,a“data analysis”investigative measure should be established to shift the focus of regulatory adjustments from solely collection and evidence gathering to data analysis and mining.In terms of governance procedures,a data classification and retrieval mechanism should be established,reforming the surveillance norms of technical inves tigation.Regarding rights protection,the right to personal information and its specific rights need to be incorporated into the investigative procedures.

关 键 词：行踪轨迹侦查 混合型治理模式 层级型治理模式 技术侦查 行踪轨迹信息 

分 类 号：D918[政治法律—法学]