在地宗族化:国内宗亲会发展的一个新趋势  

Re-embedding of Surname Associations:A New Development of Kinship Networks in China

作　　者：张思莹 孙砚菲 Zhang Siying;Sun Yanfei(Department of Sociology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学社会学系,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第10期62-80,共19页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(21VMZ009)。

摘　　要：改革开放以来,国内不但出现了以宗支为单位的宗族性活动的复苏,也出现了跨宗支的宗族性组织。时下的跨宗支组织受到两种模式,即历史上的传统联宗组织与海外华人社会流行的宗亲会的影响。这两种模式的组织特征和运行逻辑大不相同。2010年后,粤西地区某县市出现的各个姓氏的宗亲会在创立之初都以海外宗亲会为仿效对象,以退休官员、企业家为主体成员的宗亲会原本悬浮于当地原有的宗支组织之上,致力于发展跨地域的同姓精英俱乐部。然而,在发展过程中,一些宗亲会以建联宗祠为契机,深度嵌入了县域内的宗族网络,逐步实现了在地宗族化。它们在保留宗亲会形式的同时,融入了更多传统联宗组织的特征,成为混合型组织。探索宗亲会在地宗族化的发展过程对理解传统在当代中国的再造具有启发意义。Post-Mao China has witnessed not only the widespread resurgence of lineage organizations but also the rapid growth of same-surname associations,which transcend the blood ties and territorial foundations of traditional lineages.These surname associations in China draw on two distinct models:high-order lineage organizations,which developed during the late imperial China,and the surname associations prevalent among Chinese diaspora communities.These two models exhibit different institutional features and operational principles.Historical high-order lineage organizations unite lineage branches through explicit genealogical connections,the establishment of joint ancestral halls,and ancestor worship ceremonies.They adhere to hierarchical clan norms and forge alliances based on shared geographical interests.In contrast,overseas Chinese surname associations bring together individuals sharing the same surname,rather than collective lineage units.Membership in these associations is voluntary and does not require genealogical proof of shared ancestry.In other words,they are managed similarly as modern clubs.They actively seek to expand their networks globally,aiming at enhancing their capacity to provide economic benefits,educational assistance,and other resources to Chinese immigrants.Based on extensive fieldwork conducted since 2010 in a county in western Guangdong Province,this article reveals a new development among surname associations in China.Initially,the Wang Surname Association(WSA,the focus of our study)emulated overseas Chinese surname associations,functioning as an“elite club”primarily comprising retired officials and entrepreneurs.Its goal was to broaden networks beyond blood ties and territorial boundaries.However,a significant transformation occurred after 2014.During the construction of a joint ancestral hall for all Wang lineage branches in the county,the WSA adopted traditional clan rites reminiscent of historical high-order lineage organizations,thereby strengthening its ties to village-based lineage

关 键 词：宗族组织 宗亲会 宗亲网络 在地宗族化 联宗祠 传统再造 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理] D634[社会学] K820.9[政治法律—政治学]