AI时代下科学知识生产的伦理困境与策略  

Ethical dilemmas and strategies of scientific knowledge production in the AI era

作　　者：程鹏 童松 崔鹤 孙泽昌 CHENG Peng;TONC Song;CUI He;SUN Ze-chang(China Research Institue for Science Popularization,Beijing 100081,China;School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Faculty of Philosophy,Durham University,Durham DH13HY;School of Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科普研究所,北京100081 [2]清华大学社会科学学院,北京100084 [3]杜伦大学哲学院 杜伦DH13HY [4]清华大学理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《科学学研究》2024年第11期2254-2261,共8页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划一般项目(GD24CXY13)。

摘　　要：在人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI)时代,科学知识生产正发生着重大的变革。尽管ChatGPT等大语言模型在科学知识生产中的应用存在分歧,但不可否认,AI已在多个科学领域展现了其不可或缺的作用,引领了科学发现的新范式。然而,AI技术也使科学知识生产中存在着透明度不足、可解释性缺乏以及信任与安全的挑战。本文通过探讨AI技术在数据、算法以及人机合作三个层面的技术困境,揭示了这些技术困境背后潜藏的伦理挑战,并提出了一系列的应对策略。这些策略强调了提高算法透明度、加强人机协同以及实现人机价值观一致是至关重要的,其目的是在遵守伦理规范的基础上,推动科学知识向更为稳健及更有深度的方向发展。In the era of Artificial Intelligence(AI),major changes are taking place in the production of scientific knowledge.Although there are differences in the application of large language models such as ChatGPT in the production of scientific knowledge,it is undeniable that AI has demonstrated its indispensable role in many scientific fields,leading a new paradigm of scientific discovery.However,AI technology also poses challenges of insufficient transparency,lack of interpretability,trust and safety in the production of scientific knowledge.This article explores the technical dilemmas of AI technology at the three levels of data,algorithms,and human-machine cooperation,reveals the ethical challenges hidden behind these technical dilemmas,and proposes a series of coping strategies.These strategies emphasize the importance of improving the transparency of algorithms,strengthening human-machine collaboration,and realizing the consistency of human-machine values.The purpose is to promote the development of scientific knowledge in a more robust and in-depth direction on the basis of abiding by ethical norms.

关 键 词：人工智能 科学知识生产 人工智能伦理 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]