中国企业数字化转型的影响因素研究——基于TOE框架的实证分析  

Factors influencing digital transformation of Chinese enterprises:Empirical analysis in the framework of TOE

作　　者：白雪洁[1] 王欣悦 宋培 BAI Xue-jie;WANG Xin-yue;SONG Pei(College of Economic and Social Development,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;Antai College of Economics and Management,Shanghai JiaoTong University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济与社会发展研究院,天津300071 [2]南开大学经济学院,天津300071 [3]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院,上海200030

出　　处：《科学学研究》2024年第11期2330-2341,共12页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD099,23&ZD042)。

摘　　要：依据禀赋优势和环境条件推动企业数字化转型是充分释放数字经济发展潜能的内在要求。文章首先基于TOE框架探究企业数字化转型的影响因素,其次采用中国2010-2020年上市公司数据展开实证检验,并判断不同影响因素在企业数字化转型中的相对重要性,最后从企业、地区层面展开异质性分析。研究表明,从内因来看,技术员工占比、研发投入、高管学历是企业数字化转型的关键内部因素,从外因来看,由同行企业数字化转型带来的“跟风效应”是企业数字化转型的主要外部因素;根据方差分解方法和夏普利值测算结果,中国企业数字化转型“跟风效应”突出,而内部动力相对不足;异质性检验发现,企业数字化转型的“跟风效应”在东部地区和强知识产权保护地区有所弱化,成长期企业的数字化转型更加依赖于内部因素。因此,政府应加强数字人才培养、鼓励企业技术创新、完善企业融资体系以及优化数字营商环境,推动企业数字化转型从“外部压力”向“内部动力”转变。The digital economy,as a new engine for China′s high-quality economic development,is micro-founded on the digital transformation of enterprises.Promoting the digital transformation of enterprises based on seizing their own unique endowment advantages and environmental conditions is a critical inherent requirement for fully unleashing the development potential of the digital economy.First of all,the paper explores several influencing factors that may have a potential to play an important role in promoting enterprises'digital transformation in the framework of Technology-Organization-Environment(TOE)attempting to clarifying the reasons for digital reform in detail.Secondly,the paper conducts several empirical tests by making use of the data from the Chinese A-share listed companies on the Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges from the year of 2010 to the year of 2020.And it tries to assess the relative importance of some main influencing factors that significantly promote the action of enterprises'digital transformation by taking advantage of the method of variance decomposition and Shapley's value.Last but not least,some heterogeneity analyses are presented from the perspectives of enterprises,regions,etc.After all the steps above,the paper formally gives some research conclusions that the proportion of technical employees,research and development investments,and education background of executives are the key internal factors driving the digital transformation of enterprises analyzing from the viewpoint of internal cause,and the“bandwagon effect”arising from chasing the digitalization pace of peer companies is the key external factor analyzing from the viewpoint of external cause.According to the relative importance results measured by variance decomposition and Shapley's value,the external pressure brought by the"bandwagon effect"plays the most significant role in driving the digital transformation of enterprises,while the role of internal motivation is relatively insufficient,manifested as relatively lower

关 键 词：企业数字化转型 TOE框架 内部动力 外部压力 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]