灾害救助中的集体利益与给付请求权  

Collective Interests and the Right to Claims for Payment in Disaster Relief

作　　者：林鸿潮[1] 周俊 LIN Hongchao;ZHOU Jun

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学纪检监察学院,北京100872 [2]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2024年第6期65-75,共11页Journal of Beijing administration institute

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“自然灾害综合防治立法研究”(19BFX180)。

摘　　要：在灾害救助中,介于公共利益和个体利益之间的集体利益存在着如何界定与代表的难题。对灾害救助义务进行类型化分析,可识别出不同类型的集体利益,从而明确救助的授益指向。由此可进一步探讨补偿的四类给付请求权,即因灾害应对所作特别牺牲的补偿请求权、复建社会基础设施请求权、复建经济基础设施请求权,以及必要的程序性集体给付请求权。灾害救助与重建的公共基础设施具有极强的“属人性”特征,集体成员可将“个人权利及其实现的必要条件”作为其代表主张实体请求权的基础,并参与到救济程序中。集体给付请求权的实现未必需要“增量”的救助资源,只需要优化“存量”资源的配置。In disaster relief,how to define and represent the collective interests between public interests and individual interests is a difficult problem.A typological analysis of obligations of disaster relief can identify dif⁃f erent types of collective interests,so as to clarify the direction of granting benefits of relief.Therefore,four kinds of the right to claims for payment can be further discussed,namely,the right to claims for compensation for special sacrifices made in response to disasters,the right to claims for the reconstruction of social infrastruc⁃t ure,the right to claims for the rehabilitation of economic infrastructure,and the right to claims for necessary procedural collective payment.Public infrastructure for disaster relief and reconstruction is highly personal in nature,which allows collective members to base their substantive right to claims on“individual rights and the necessary conditions for their realization”and to participate in the relief procedure.The realization of the right to claims for payment does not necessarily require“incremental”relief resources,but only needs to optimize the allocation of“stock”resources.

关 键 词：灾害救助 集体利益 给付请求权 应急管理 国家补偿 特别牺牲 

分 类 号：D922[政治法律—法学]