数据三权分置制度释论:底层逻辑、法理反思与法律实现  

An Interpretation of the System of the Tri-Right Separation of Data:Underlying Logic,Jurispru-dential Reflection,and Legal Realization

作　　者：高莉[1] GAO Li

机构地区：[1]中共江苏省委党校(江苏行政学院)法政教研部,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2024年第6期76-87,共12页Journal of Beijing administration institute

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金项目“促进江苏数字经济创新发展的法治协同机制研究”(22FXB005)。

摘　　要：数据产权分置涵括建立数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权、数据产品经营权分置的产权运行机制,这与数据从资源到要素再到产品的价值创造规律高度契合。尽管数据产权与数据财产权存在映射关系,但财产权所构筑的人为排他性,会增加数据流通和利用的成本,对数据价值实现产生相应影响,这也给数据产权分置政策转化为法律规范带来挑战。目前从数据主体视角出发形成的单一产权或二元权利结构,与“数据产权结构性分置”之政策意蕴和方向性策略不相一致。为此,要确保数据确权不偏离政策目标并实现“三权分置”的制度功能,就需要回归到数据客体视角,探索数据价值形态梯次变化的底层逻辑,破解既有数据确权研究中的理论困境,进而对数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权、数据产品经营权的配置提供必要的制度供给。The data ownership separation includes the establishment of a property-right operation mechanism for separating the right to hold data resources,the right to process and use data,and the right to operate data products,which is highly consistent with the law of value creation of data as it evolves from resources to ele⁃ments and eventually to products.Although there is a mapping relationship between data ownership and data property right,the artificial exclusivity built by property right will increase the cost of data circulation and utili⁃zation and have a corresponding impact on the realization of data value,which also brings challenges to the transformation of the data ownership separation policy into legal norms.At present,the single ownership or du⁃al-right structure formed from the perspective of data subject is inconsistent with the policy implication and di⁃rectional strategy of“the structural separation of data ownership”.To this end,in order to ensure that data con⁃firmation does not deviate from policy goals and to realize the institutional function of“the tri-right separation”,it is necessary to return to the perspective of data object,to explore the underlying logic of the hierarchical change of data value form,to solve the theoretical dilemmas in the existing research on data confirmation,and then to provide necessary institutional products for the allocation of the right to hold data resources,the right to process and use data,and the right to operate data products.

关 键 词：数据产权分置 二元权利结构 开放式创新 公共物品理论 

分 类 号：DF41[政治法律—经济法学]