山东省某轮胎制造厂作业工人职业紧张、积极心理资本与抑郁症状的相关性分析  

Correlation analysis of occupational stress,positive psychological capital,and depressive symptoms among workers in a tire manufacturing factory in Shandong Province

作　　者：林龙 张志虎[1] LIN Long;ZHANG Zhihu(Testing and Evaluation Center,Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine,Shandong First Medical University(Shandong Academy of Medical Science),Jinan,Shandong 250062,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院检测评价中心,山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院),山东济南250062

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第16期2167-2173,2178,共8页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2022YFC2503200)。

摘　　要：目的了解山东省某轮胎制造厂工人职业紧张及抑郁现状,分析影响该厂处理轮胎各工序工人职业紧张及抑郁症状的相关因素。方法2023年7—8月,采取简单随机抽样法,以山东省某轮胎制造厂453名工作人员为调查对象,分别采用付出-回报失衡问卷(effort-reward imbalance,ERI)、积极心理资本问卷、抑郁症筛查量表(patient health questionnaire,PHQ-9)调查该厂工人职业紧张和积极心理资本与抑郁现况的相关性,并对数据进行分析。结果该轮胎制造厂在生产过程中产生的职业病危害因素有噪声、有机和无机粉尘、有毒有害气体、高温和有机溶剂等。453名调查对象以男性为主,为366人,女性87人,作业工人中职业紧张者2人,占0.44%,可能有抑郁症状的作业工人282人,占62.17%。相比轮胎胶炼制岗位作业工人,轮胎成型岗位作业工人和成品检查岗位作业工人抑郁症状总分分别提高1.942和2.562分(P<0.05);相比经常饮酒的作业工人,不饮酒或偶尔饮酒的作业工人抑郁症状总分提高0.942分(P<0.05);相比经常吸烟的作业工人,不吸烟或偶尔吸烟的作业工人抑郁症状总分减少1.765分(P<0.05);相较具有A型性格的作业工人,具有B型性格的作业工人抑郁症状总分减少1.046分(P<0.05),具有C型性格的作业工人抑郁症状总分提高1.191分(均P<0.05)。ERI模式职业紧张的付出、回报、内在投入维度均对轮胎厂作业工人抑郁症状总分影响显著(均P<0.05),其中付出维度和内在投入维度得分与轮胎厂作业工人抑郁症状总分呈现负相关(P<0.05),回报维度得分与轮胎制造厂作业工人抑郁症状呈现正相关(P<0.05)。结论山东省某轮胎制造厂作业工人抑郁情况形势严峻,经营管理者应定期监测作业工人心理健康状况,有针对性地采取措施降低作业工人抑郁症状的发生与发展,多维度保护作业工人心理健康。Objective To understand the current status of occupational stress and depression among workers in a tire manufacturing factory in Shandong Province,and analyze the relevant factors that affect the occupational stress and depression symptoms of workers in various tire processing processes.Methods From July to August 2023,a simple random sampling method was used to investigate 453 employees of a tire manufacturing factory in Shandong Province.The effort reward imbalance(ERI)questionnaire,positive psychological capital questionnaire,and patient health questionnaire(PHQ-9)were used to investigate the correlation between occupational stress,positive psychological capital,and depression status among workers in the factory,and the data was analyzed.Results The occupational hazard factors generated during the production process of the tire manufacturing factory mainly include noise,organic and inorganic dust,toxic and harmful gases,high temperature,and organic solvents,etc.Among the 453 research subjects,366 were male and 86 were female.Among the workers,there were 2 workers with occupational stress(0.44%),and 282 workers with depressive symptoms(62.17%).Compared with workers in tire rubber refining positions,the total depression symptoms of workers in the tire forming position and finished product inspection position increased by 1.942 and 2.562 points,respectively(both P<0.05).Compared with workers who frequently drink alcohol,workers who do not drink alcohol or occasionally drink alcohol had a 0.942 points increase in the total score of depression symptoms(P<0.05).Compared to workers who frequently smoke,workers who do not smoke or occasionally smoke had a total depression symptom score reduction of 1.765 points(P<0.05).Compared with workers with A type personality,workers with B type personality had a decrease in the total score of depression symptoms by 1.046 points(P<0.05),while workers with C type personality had an increase in the total score of depression symptoms by 1.191 points(P<0.05).The dimensions of effort

关 键 词：轮胎厂 职业紧张 抑郁症状 付出-回报失衡 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]