2018—2022年常州市水痘流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of varicella in Changzhou City from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：姜雨珊 韩长磊[3] 吴旦 张友 吕旭峰 JIANG Yushan;HAN Changlei;WU Dan;ZHANG You;LYU Xufeng(School of Public Health,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210000,China;Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention,Xinbei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changzhou,Jiangsu 213000,China;Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention,Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changzhou,Jiangsu 213000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学公共卫生学院,江苏南京210000 [2]常州市新北区疾病预防控制中心传染病防治科,江苏常州213000 [3]常州市疾病预防控制中心急性传染病防治所,江苏常州213000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第16期2246-2250,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析常州市水痘流行病学特征及变化趋势,为水痘防控工作提供参考依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2018—2022年常州市报告的水痘病例资料进行分析。结果2018—2022年常州市累计报告水痘病例35402例,年均报告发病率为141.96/10万,发病率从2020年开始呈下降趋势,五年间发病率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8774.11,P<0.05)。2022年水痘发病率(63.58/10万)较2020年(124.81/10万)有明显下降。发病具有明显的季节性,呈“双峰分布”,发病高峰分别为每年的5—7月和11月—次年1月。年均报告发病率较高的是新北区、天宁区和钟楼区。水痘发病的男女性别比为1.13∶1,男性报告发病率略高于女性。发病数和发病率最高的年龄段是5~<10岁组,以学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童为主。共报告水痘突发公共卫生事件179起,报告数从2020年起逐年减少。水痘疫苗免疫策略实施后,第二剂接种占比逐年升高,1岁组、4岁组首针接种率和4岁组第二剂接种率均逐年提高。结论水痘整体发病水平的降低主要与疫苗接种率大幅提高有关。常州市水痘疫苗免疫策略初见成效,鉴于常州市方案与省级技术方案相同,下一步将加快推进省级免疫策略的落实,保持两剂次高水平接种。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Changzhou City,aiming to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of varicella.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the varicella cases in Changzhou City from 2018 to 2022.Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 35402 varicella cases were reported in Changzhou City,with an average annual incidence of 141.96/105.The incidence showed a downward trend from 2020.There was significant difference in the incidence among the five years(χ^(2)=8774.11,P<0.05).The incidence of varicella in 2022(63.58/105)was significantly lower than that in 2020(124.81/105).The incidence of varicella had an obvious seasonal pattern.There were two peak periods,which were May-July and November-January of the next year.The top three annual reported incidence rates were Xinbei,Tianning,and Zhonglou District.The sex ratio of varicella was 1.13:1,the reported incidence was slightly higher in males than in females.The highest number and incidence occurred in the age of 5-<10 years old,who were mainly students,preschool children,and scattered children.A total of 179 varicella public health emergencies were reported,and the number of reports had decreased year by year since 2020.After the implementation of the immunization strategy,the proportion of the second dose increased year by year.The vaccination rate of the first dose and the second dose in the l-year-old and 4-year-old group increased year by year.Conclusions The decrease of varicella incidence is mainly related to the increase of vaccination rate.The immunization strategy of varicella vaccine in Changzhou City has achieved initial success.Considering that the Changzhou plan is the same as the provincial technical plan,the next step will be to accelerate the implementation of the provincial immunization strategy and maintain high-level vaccination with two doses.

关 键 词：水痘 流行病学特征 突发公共卫生事件 疫苗接种 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]