2016—2021年乌鲁木齐手足口病的流行特征及与气象因素的关系  

Epidemic characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and its relationship with meteorological factors in Urumqi from 2016 to 2021

作　　者：马倩倩 杨浩峰[2] 苏德奇[1] 王雯艺 马龙[1] MA Qianqian;YANG Haofeng;SU Deqi;WANG Wenyi;MA Long(Department of Toxicology,School of Public Health,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 83001l,China;Public Health Department,Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院毒理学教研室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第16期2255-2259,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析2016—2021年乌鲁木齐市手足口病(hand-foot-and-mouth disease,HFMD)的流行病学及病原学特征,讨论气象因素与HFMD日发病的相关性,从而筛选出影响HFMD发病的主要气象因素,为预防手足口病提供数据支持。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析2016—2021年乌鲁木齐市的HFMD的流行特征,运用Spearman等级相关分析、主成分回归分析探究气象因素与手足口病发病的相关性,筛选出影响HFMD发病例数的主要气象因素。结果2016—2021年乌鲁木齐市共报告病例11020例,年平均发病率为50.74/10万。HFMD发病呈双峰分布,以5—8月为主,10—11月为次高峰,男性发病率为59.14/10万,高于女性平均发病率(42.09/10万),且男女比约为1.47∶1;发病以1~4岁为主;职业分布以散居儿童和幼托儿童为主,分别占47.51%和41.71%;报告病例最多的地区是高新区(新市区),约占24.44%。HFMD实验室诊断病例2502例,其中其他肠道病毒1679例,占67.11%,柯萨奇A组16型537例,占21.46%,肠道病毒71型286例,占11.43%。HFMD日发病数与平均气温、最低气温、平均相对湿度、日平均风速、日照时数、昼夜温差均呈正相关(均P<0.01),与平均气压、最高气压、最低气压、最小湿度均呈负相关(均P<0.01),其中主要影响HFMD发病的为日平均风速和平均气压。结论2016—2021年乌鲁木齐市手足口病发病以夏季和秋季为高峰期,1~4岁男性散居和幼托儿童为主,高风险发病地区位于高新区(新市区),提示需要在高发季节加强对重点人群的保护。高风速、低气压的气象条件是手足口病发病的危险因素,在制定HFMD的防疫政策时应充分考虑气象因素。Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD)in Urumqi from 2016 to 2021,discuss the correlation between meteorological factors and the daily incidence of HFMD,so as to screen out the main meteorological factors affecting the incidence of HFMD,providing data support for prevention work.Method Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of HFMD in Urumqi City from 2016 to 2021.Spearman rank correlation analysis and principal component regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between meteorological factors and the incidence of HFMD,and to screen out the main meteorological factors that affect the number of cases of HFMD.Results From 2016 to 2021,a total of 11020 cases were reported in Urumqi,with an average annual incidence of 50.74/100000.The incidence of HFMD showed a bimodal distribution,mainly from May to August,accompanied by the second peak from October to November.The incidence rate of male(59.14/100000)was higher than that of female(42.09/100000),and the ratio of male to female was about 1.47:1.The incidence was mainly in the 1-4 year old group.The occupation distribution was mainly scattered children(47.51%)and kindergarten children(41.71%).The area with the most reported cases was high-tech zone(new urban area),accounting for about 24.44%.There were 2502 cases diagnosed in HFMD laboratory,including 1679 cases(67.11%)of other enteroviruses,537 cases(21.46%)of coxsackievirus A16(C0X-A16)and 286 cases(11.43%)of enteroviruses belonging to group A(EV71).The daily incidence of HFMD was positively correlated with the average temperature,minimum temperature,average relative humidity,daily average wind speed,sunshine hours and diurnal temperature difference(all P<0.01),and negatively correlated with the average air pressure,maximum air pressure,minimum air pressure and minimum humidity(all P<0.01),among which the daily average wind speed and average air pressure were the main factors affecting

关 键 词：手足口病 流行病学 气象因素 主成分回归分析 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]