飞行人员生理功能人机适配性的初步探讨  

Preliminary Analysis on the Compatibility of Pilots′Physiological Function with the Types of Aircraft

作　　者：张慧变 姚钦 卜伟平 苏芳 王丽萍 王璐 赵显亮 刘琳 ZHANG Huibian;YAO Qin;BU Weiping;SU Fang;WANG Liping;WANG Lu;ZHAO Xianliang;LIU Lin(Department of Aeronautical Physiological Identification Training Laboratory and General Demonstration Research Section of Aviation Medicine,Air Force Medicine Center,Air Force Medicine University,PLA,Beijing 100142,China)

机构地区：[1]空军特色医学中心研究部航空生理鉴定训练研究室,北京100142 [2]空军特色医学中心研究部航空救生研究室,北京100142 [3]空军特色医学中心研究部高空生理研究室,北京100142

出　　处：《联勤军事医学》2024年第9期793-796,共4页Military Medicine of Joint Logistics

摘　　要：目的了解飞行人员生理功能与现飞机种适配性现状,为飞行人员机种分配提供参考依据。方法采用问卷调查的方法,以283名飞行人员为研究对象,分析不同机种飞行人员生理功能与现飞机种的适配性。结果在飞行过程中,出现过心肺功能不良症状心率加快、气短乏力、呼吸困难、胸闷等的飞行人员有40例(14.13%),出现过前庭功能不良晕机病的飞行人员有52例(18.37%),发生过视觉功能不良症状看不清天地线、地形等的飞行人员有37例(13.07%),出现过听觉功能不良症状听不清指令、耳气压不良的飞行人员分别有86例(30.39%)、179例(63.25%),出现过加速度耐力不良的飞行人员有86例(30.39%),出现过缺氧症状的飞行人员有11例(3.89%)。心肺功能不良、视觉功能不良、听觉功能不良、耳气压不良在直升机、运输机、轰炸机、歼击机飞行人员中的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。晕机病、加速度耐力不良在直升机、运输机、轰炸机、歼击机飞行人员中的发生率比较差异有统计学意义,且歼击机飞行人员晕机病发生率高于直升机及运输机飞行人员,歼击机飞行人员加速度耐力不良发生率高于直升机、运输机、轰炸机飞行人员(P均<0.05)。结论不同机种对飞行人员生理功能要求不同,因此在进行飞行人员机种分配时应考虑飞行人员生理功能指标与飞机机种适配性情况。Objective To provide evidence for the aircraft allocation of pilots by analyzing the current status of compatibility of pilots′physiological function with aircraft types.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 283 pilots to analyze the compatibility of pilots′physiological function with the types of aircraft.Results During the flight,40 pilots(14.13%)had experienced adverse cardiopulmonary symptoms such as rapid heart rate,shortness of breath,dyspnea and chest distress,52 pilots(18.37%)had experienced the vestibular dysfunction airsickness,86 pilots(30.39%)had experienced hearing impairment and could not hear commands clearly,179 pilots(63.25%)had ear pressure problems,86 pilots(30.39%)had experienced poor acceleration tolerance and 11pilots(3.89%)had hypoxia symptom,respectively.There was no significant difference in the incidence of poor cardiopulmonary function,poor visual function,poor hearing function and poor ear air pressure among helicopter,transport aircraft,bomber and fighter aircraft(P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of airsickness and poor acceleration tolerance among helicopter,transport aircraft,bomber and fighter aircraft,and the incidence of airsickness among fighter aircraft was higher than that in helicopter and transport aircraft,the incidence of adverse acceleration tolerance of fighter pilots was higher than that in helicopter,transport aircraft and bomber pilots(all P<0.05).Conclusion Different types of aircraft have different requirements on the physiological function of pilots,so the compatibility of pilots′physiological function with the types of aircraft should be considered in the allocation of pilots.

关 键 词：飞行人员 生理功能 飞机机种 适配性 问卷调查法 

分 类 号：R856[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]