张家港市2021年狂犬病暴露处置门诊21190例病例流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of 21190 cases of rabies exposure and disposal outpatient clinics in Zhangjiagang,2021

作　　者：包德锋 朱敏 孙宁[1] 邵海枫[1] BAO Defeng;ZHU Min;SUN Ning;SHAO Haifeng(Zhangjiagang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhangjiagang,Jiangsu 2l5600,China)

机构地区：[1]张家港市疾病预防控制中心,江苏张家港215600

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2024年第5期496-499,共4页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

摘　　要：目的分析张家港市狂犬病暴露处置门诊狂犬病暴露病例的流行病学特征和暴露后处置情况,为更好地提高狂犬病暴露处置门诊服务质量和狂犬病综合防治提供建议。方法收集2021年张家港市狂犬病暴露处置门诊收治的21190例病例的流行病学监测资料,利用回顾性研究方法对病例资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果张家港市共有15家狂犬病暴露处置门诊,分布在全市9个片区。2021年全市共有21190例狂犬病暴露后就诊病例,暴露率为1.48%;虽然一年四季均有发生,但5-8月呈明显上升趋势,8-11月呈明显下降趋势;男女比例1∶1.17,男性病例数9758(46.05%),女性病例数11432(53.95%)。涉及年龄范围广泛,就诊年龄最小8月龄,最大97岁;致伤动物类型以犬和猫为主;暴露部位集中在四肢。21190例狂犬病暴露病例中,20569例(97.07%)在暴露后24 h内就诊,20961例(98.92%)对伤口进行了规范处理;暴露后狂犬病疫苗全程接种率(85.14%)和被动免疫制剂接种率(27.55%)较低。结论需加强犬和猫的管理,开展狂犬病防治知识健康教育,提高群众的自我防护意识,规范开展狂犬病暴露预防处置工作。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and post exposure management of rabies exposure in rabies exposure and disposal clinics in Zhangjiagang,to provide suggestions for improving the quality of outpatient services for rabies exposure management and comprehensive prevention and control of rabies.Methods The epidemiological data of 21190 cases admitted to rabies exposure and disposal clinics in Zhangjiagang in 2021 was collected,descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the case data retrospectively.Results There were 15 rabies exposure and disposal outpatient clinics in Zhangjiagang,distributed in 9 districts of the city.In 2021,there were 21190 cases of rabies treated after exposure,the exposure rate was 1.48%.Although it occurred all year round,there was a clear upward trend from May to August,and a clear downward trend from August to November.The male to female ratio was 1∶1.17,with 9758 male cases(46.05%)and 11432 female cases(53.95%).It involved a wide range of ages,with a minimum age of 8 months and a maximum age of 97 years old.The main types of injured animals were dogs and cats,and most of the exposed body parts were in the limbs.Among the 21190 cases of rabies exposure,20569 cases(97.07%)sought medical attention within 24 hours of exposure,20961 cases(98.92%)underwent standardized wound management.The full vaccination rate of rabies vaccine(85.14%)and passive immunization rate(27.55%)were relatively lower after rabies exposure.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the management of dogs and cats for the prevention of rabies,carry out health education on rabies prevention and control knowledge,improve the self-protection awareness of the public,and standardize the prevention and disposal of rabies exposure.

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露 预防处置 疫苗接种 

分 类 号：R183.9[医药卫生—流行病学] R646[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]